for the defense of the Holy Father originated with the New York Freem a n 's Journal and Catholic Register. In an editorial published in the issue of January 25, 186 8 , t his newspaper recalled that some time before it had suggested, as " modestly" as it knew how, that the Catholics of the United States might raise, if not a battalion, at least a company of soldiers to defend the vested rights of the H o l y Father the P ope, to his independence in the Holy City, and in t h e surrounding campagna that belonged to Rome. In making this suggestion the newspaper stated that it had merely hoped that some prominent Catholic laymen of the United States, with time and means to promote it, would, in their turn, pass it on to some American archbishops and in this manner set the suggestion afloat under proper auspices. However, in some American newspapers it was incorrectly reported that the Freeman's Journal was actually organizing such a force, with the result that the Catholic newspaper received from many sections of the country, especially from the South, West, and Northwest, a great many letters from officers and soldiers who had served with distinction in the Civil War, on one side or the other, and who now offered themselves, " out of devotion", to go to Rome at once to enter the papal army. An exemplary and self-denying priest of Wisconsin, not only, according to the newspaper, had offered two " excellent" soldiers, but also to raise a substantial sum of money towards supporting them.Referring to a rumor that Archbishop P urcell of Cincinnati was warmly in favor of the project, the Catholic newspaper was emphatic in stating that without the spiritual direction of American prelates, and their blessing and oversight, it did not believe that the enterprise could be successful. However, if some of the archbishops or bishops in the principal cities of the United States gathered some o f the lay gentlemen in whose wisdom and energy they had confidence, a n d authorized them to go to work, the Freeman's Journal was certain from what it had heard, that a battalion of élite soldiers -about five hundred strong -could be raised without effort and that, moreover, reliable pledges of permanent financial support could be obtained. Such an act of charity, according to the Journal, not only would not interfere with local interests, but would, in fact, excite " all who thus contributed to defend the Holy Father and the Church of Rome, from robbery and subjugation," to greater generosity towards charities and religion at home. In view of the fact that the Archbishop of Cincinnati was the oldest of America' s prelates, and that the Catholic religion was in such a flourishing condition in that city, the editor of the Freeman's Journal thought that it would be most proper for