Capabilities and limitations of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop for the extraction of organic pollutants from water samples

Determination of priority phenolic pollutants exploiting an in-syringe dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–multisyringe chromatography system

“…Compared with previously reported manual methods dealing with liquidliquid microextraction of phenolic compounds, better extraction efficiencies are achieved for most of the common phenolic compounds studied, except for 2,4,6-TCP. Fattahi et al [38] reported extraction efficiencies of 28.7, 62, and 75.15 % for 2-CP, 2,4-DCP, and 2,4,6-TCP, respectively, Faraji et al [39] reported extraction efficiencies of 21, 34, 63, and 86 % for phenol, 2-CP, 2,4-DCP, and 2,4,6-TCP, respectively, and Vera-Ávila et al [36] reported extraction efficiencies of 13.1, 38.2, 76.9, and 86.2 % for phenol, 2-CP, 2,4-DCP, and 2,4,6-TCP, respectively. Furthermore, higher precision is achieved with the present method, i.e., RSDs between 6.4 and 10.4 % in comparison with RSDs of 5.2 % or less obtained with the proposed system.…”

“…Then, mixtures of TBP with different disperser solvents were tested, i.e., methanol [36], ethanol [36], ACN [26,36], acetone [36,37], 1-propanol [26], and 2-propanol. The TBPacetone mixture was discarded because of the high absorbance of the extraction blank.…”

“…These methods report better LODs because of greater sample consumption and the use of more sensitive but more expensive detectors. In addition, with the proposed method, the consumption of organic solvents is reduced between three and ten times in comparison with manual methods [36,37].…”

Determination of hormones, a plasticizer, preservatives, perfluoroalkylated compounds, and a flame retardant in water samples by ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic drop

“…Nevertheless, most of the DLLME-SFO reported methods are limited to just one group of compounds with similar polarities or similar structures. Only a few of them have been reported for the simultaneous determination of compounds from different families such as polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides [14] or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides and phenols [15]. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of ultrasoundassisted DLLME-SFO (UA-DLLME-SFO) for multiresidue extraction of organic pollutants from aqueous samples.…”

A Novel Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop for Preconcentration of Pd(II) by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Complexation by a Thienyl Substituted 1,2-Ethanediamine

“…High enrichment factors and good performance are of characteristics of this method. 23,24 However, crashing of the solidified organic phase into small pieces is a problem usually encountered in this method that makes the collection of the organic phase somewhat problematic.…”