Capacitance behaviour of brown coal based active carbon modified through chemical reaction with urea

Jurewicz, K.; Pietrzak, Robert; Nowicki, Piotr; Wachowska, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.093

Cited by 135 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, the vast majority of the research made has been focused on the production of activated carbons from the precursors with a relatively low mineral substance content and even deliberately deprived of mineral admixtures (Starck et al 2004;Pietrzak et al 2006;Jurewicz et al 2008;Pietrzak et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mineral matter on the physicochemical and sorption properties of brown coal-based activated carbons

Nowicki

2015

Adsorption

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A series of new carbonaceous adsorbents has been obtained by means of direct and physical activation of Polish brown coal, characterised by high mineral matter content. The influence of activation procedure on the porous structure development, acidic and basic surface groups generation as well as the sorptive properties of the adsorbents prepared toward liquid and gas pollutants was tested. Additionally the effect of mineral matter presence on the physicochemical and sorption properties of materials prepared was studied. The final products were micro/mesoporous activated carbons of medium developed surface area ranging from 407 to 674 m 2 /g, showing strongly basic or intermediate acidic-basic character of the surface. The results obtained during this study showed that direct and physical activation of low quality brown coal led to activated carbons with very good sorption capacity both toward gas contamination of acidic character (especially nitrogen dioxide) as well as toward methylene blue and inorganic pollutants of molecules of size similar to that of iodine molecules. It was also proved that demineralization of prepared activated carbons by hydrochloric acid significantly reduced their ability to toxic gases sorption, but simultaneously increased the efficiency of removing impurities from the liquid phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mineral matter on the physicochemical and sorption properties of brown coal-based activated carbons

Nowicki

2015

Adsorption

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“…A simple procedure to form nitrogen-doped carbons is carbonization of nitrogen containing organic compounds, mainly resins, but the subsequent activation processes to increase S BET markedly reduce W N [5][6][7][8]. Alternatively, activated carbons have been treated with nitrogen-containing compounds such as urea [8,9] and melamine [9].…”

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MgO-templated nitrogen-containing carbons derived from different organic compounds for capacitor electrodes

Konno

Onishi

Yoshizawa

et al. 2010

Journal of Power Sources

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“…They are used both in protection of the natural environment as adsorbents of toxic gases [10][11][12][13][14] or liquids [15,16] and in modern industry as catalyst or catalyst supports [17][18][19] as well as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors [20,21]. This wide range of their use is a consequence of their unique properties determined by the well-developed porous structure and the possibility of their modification with different functional groups incorporated into their structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment on the physicochemical properties of nitrogen-enriched activated carbons

Nowicki

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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A series of functionalized carbonaceous adsorbents were prepared by means of reaction with urea and chemical activation of Polish brown coal. In order to obtain nitrogen groups bonded in different ways to the carbon structure, the reaction with urea was performed at two different stages of processing, with precursor or char. Additionally, the influence of annealing under nitrogen atmosphere at 600 and 800°C or in hydrogen/nitrogen mixture at 600°C on the textural, acid-base and thermal properties of activated carbons prepared was tested. The resulting materials were characterized by elemental analysis, low-temperature nitrogen sorption, determination of the number of surface oxygen groups as well as by thermogravimetric study in helium atmosphere. The final products were microporous nitrogen-enriched activated carbons of very well-developed surface area reaching from 1303 to 2004 m 2 g -1 , showing different content of nitrogen (from 0.5 to 2.3 mass%) and different chemical character of the surface (from weakly acidic to intermediate acidic-basic), depending on the sequence of particular processes and variant of further thermochemical treatment. According to the results of thermal study, the nitrogen functional groups introduced into the carbon structure by the reaction with urea (especially at the char stage) show moderate thermal and chemical stability. Under the effect of high temperature, some of these groups underwent decomposition or transformation into more thermally stable nitrogen species. It was also proved that the thermochemical treatment of modified activated carbons led to considerable deterioration of their textural parameters as well as caused significant changes in the acid-base character of their surface.

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Capacitance behaviour of brown coal based active carbon modified through chemical reaction with urea

Cited by 135 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of mineral matter on the physicochemical and sorption properties of brown coal-based activated carbons

The effect of mineral matter on the physicochemical and sorption properties of brown coal-based activated carbons

MgO-templated nitrogen-containing carbons derived from different organic compounds for capacitor electrodes

Effect of heat treatment on the physicochemical properties of nitrogen-enriched activated carbons

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