Capacitive deionization with Ca-alginate coated-carbon electrode for hardness control

Yoon, Hai Jeon; Lee, Jiho; Kim, Sang-Ryoung; Kang, Junil; Kim, Seonghwan; Kim, Choonsoo; Yoon, Jeyong

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.03.019

Cited by 103 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The prospect of climate change and the increasing unreliability of the water cycle to replenish our fresh water resources necessitates research into new treatment technologies . Capacitive deionization (CDI) is one electrochemical technology that is effective for dilute to brackish water desalination, water softening, water treatment in remote areas, and wastewater management . CDI is rapidly gaining popularity due to the development of novel advanced materials, interrelation to supercapacitor and capacitive mixing devices, and low predicted energy consumption .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi‐Steady‐State Polarization Reveals the Interplay of Capacitive and Faradaic Processes in Capacitive Deionization

et al. 2017

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We employ slow cyclic voltammetry to study the quasi‐steady‐state capacitive deionization (CDI) of aerated 10 mM NaCl from Vcell=−0.2 to 2 V. The method allows for the deconvolution of capacitive and faradaic processes, which are significant even at low voltage, in conjunction with pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrode potential measurements. The pH at three locations and effluent DO data identify asymmetric electrosorption in the cell configured with pristine activated carbon electrodes, where charge is irreversibly consumed to produce H+/OH− instead of reversibly adsorbing Cl−/Na+. Implementing a reference electrode resolves ion adsorption as a function of the individual potential at each electrode. Near‐electrode pH probes reveal pH environments that diverge by up to 8 units during cell polarization and allow more accurate calculation of faradaic redox potentials in a flow‐by CDI cell. In the aerated NaCl solution that will be relevant to industrial‐scale water treatment, we find that DO reduction occurs to a greater degree than Na+ adsorption at the cathode until DO removal becomes mass transfer limited at <−0.2 V vs. SHE. Two cell architectures – flow‐by and flow‐through – corroborate our findings. Finally, we reconcile all measurements to generate a map displaying how the potential is partitioned amongst the capacitive and faradaic processes occurring during CDI operation over a 2.2 V window.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi‐Steady‐State Polarization Reveals the Interplay of Capacitive and Faradaic Processes in Capacitive Deionization

et al. 2017

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“…A much higher result compared to the 74% efficiency obtained in conventional MCDI [52]. Yoon et al [85] investigated the use of calcium alginate as a potential IEM. Using this method, higher salt adsorption capacity and charge efficiency was achieved (15.6 mg/g and 95%) as against that of CDI (9.8 mg g −1 and 55%).…”

Section: Membrane Capacitive Deionization (Mcdi)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Towards Electrochemical Water Desalination Techniques: A Review on Capacitive Deionization, Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization

et al. 2020

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Electrochemical water desalination has been a major research area since the 1960s with the development of capacitive deionization technique. For the latter, its modus operandi lies in temporary salt ion adsorption when a simple potential difference (1.0–1.4 V) of about 1.2 V is supplied to the system to temporarily create an electric field that drives the ions to their different polarized poles and subsequently desorb these solvated ions when potential is switched off. Capacitive deionization targets/extracts the solutes instead of the solvent and thus consumes less energy and is highly effective for brackish water. This paper reviews Capacitive Deionization (mechanism of operation, sustainability, optimization processes, and shortcomings) with extension to its counterparts (Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization).

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“…121 Moreover, the ratio of selectivity to the degree of resistance enhancement was found to have positive correlation with the degree of promotion in MCDI performance. 122 The negative electrode was coated with Ca-alginate in MCDI for hardness control and showed great ion removal efficient for hardness species like calcium ions, which were 44% more than that of the commercial CDI, as shown in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Electrode Coated In CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of modification of carbon electrode material in capacitive deionization

et al. 2019

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Capacitive deionization with Ca-alginate coated-carbon electrode for hardness control

Cited by 103 publications

References 45 publications

Quasi‐Steady‐State Polarization Reveals the Interplay of Capacitive and Faradaic Processes in Capacitive Deionization

Quasi‐Steady‐State Polarization Reveals the Interplay of Capacitive and Faradaic Processes in Capacitive Deionization

Towards Electrochemical Water Desalination Techniques: A Review on Capacitive Deionization, Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization

A review of modification of carbon electrode material in capacitive deionization

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