“…82 The goal of this work was to provide proof-of-concept evidence that changing the microstructure of PEDOT films impacts the electrochemical properties, specifically the electrochemical conditioning effects, at the onset in the density of states. The following work is focused on electrochemical conditioning efforts using a cell geometry whereby both the charge and the ion must be transported along the surface normal, a common geometry used in many energy conversion and storage applications such as electrochromics, 84,85 capacitors, 32,63,86 thermogalvanics, 48 redox-flow batteries, 87 and molecular catalysis. 49,50 It is noted that this is different from the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) geometry, where the electrical and ionic circuit elements are perpendicular.…”