Capacity-Allocation Methods for Reducing Urban Traffic Congestion

Johnston, Robert A.; Lund, Jay R.; Craig, Paul

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(1995)121:1(27)

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Equation (27) is the constraint proposed to restrict the inflow rate to access link a. The optimality condition for Equations (23)- (27) has been studied by many authors: [17,10,13], in terms of mathematical (linear) programming, and [35], in terms of evolutionary variational inequality. Hence, we will not derive the optimality condition for this problem in this paper.…”

Section: Problem Formulation Of the Dynamic System Optimal Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned in the introduction, and note that the road pricing is one of the means for capacity allocation , we propose a dynamic equilibrium model for dynamic pricing in this paper. The pricing scheme consists of a marginal cost (usage) pricing plus an access pricing that reveals the economic effect of a certain amount of road capacity with respect to its spatial and temporal allocation.…”

Section: Problem Formulation Of the Dynamic System Optimal Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic marginal cost, access control, and pollution charge: a comparison of bottleneck and whole link models

Zhong

Sumalee

Maruyama

2012

J of Advced Transportation

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SUMMARY In this paper, we investigate theoretical constructions and properties of three interrelated travel demand management measures including marginal cost pricing, access control, and pollution charge under dynamic traffic assignment framework. For congested traffic networks modeled by the two vertical queue models, that is, the whole link model and the deterministic queuing model, on which flows are controlled, we derive dynamic marginal costs for paths and users' external costs for controlled links. As a strategy to implement the access control, the access pricing is formulated as a dynamic system optimal assignment with access (e.g., traffic volume, queue) control problem, wherein the access constraints represent the restrictions on the traffic volumes and/or environmental constraints. For the whole link model case, an optimal control problem formulation is adopted to investigate the dynamic traffic equilibrium. We derive and discuss the necessary condition for operating the transportation system with capacity/environmental constraints optimally. For the deterministic queuing model case, the inflow to a bottleneck is saturated such that no queue would be formed. The dynamic externalities of the two models are compared. It is found that different externality structures of the two models result in different tolling structures to achieve dynamic system optimal assignment. On the basis of this access pricing analysis and an “equivalent” environmental capacity that converts the environmental constraint into traffic volume restriction, we investigate the traffic‐induced air pollution pricing scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Problem Formulation Of the Dynamic System Optimal Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problem Formulation Of the Dynamic System Optimal Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic marginal cost, access control, and pollution charge: a comparison of bottleneck and whole link models

Zhong

Sumalee

Maruyama

2012

J of Advced Transportation

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“…Also, the crash rate decreased by almost 40% [WSDOT, 1996]. Other studies for ramp metering have shown that such systems have reduced average trip times and increased freeway vehicle flows, both on the order of 10-15 percent [Johnston et al, 1995]. Ramp metering has reduced travel time (because delays occur at entrance ramps where they affect fewer motorist), improved travel time reliability, reduced fuel consumption and vehicle emissions, reduced crashes, increased driver satisfaction, and increased capacity.…”

Section: Seattle Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramp Metering and High Occupancy Vehicle Facilities: A Synthesis Study

Oware¹,

Bhargava²,

Labi³

et al. 2006

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IntroductionThe study was carried out in response to a need stated by INDOT to investigate the effectiveness of high occupancy vehicle lanes and ramp metering as congestion mitigation strategies in the state of Indiana. A synthesis study was performed to provide a comprehensive review of the components, effectiveness, costs and implementation considerations of these techniques. The States using these strategies were identified and a detailed study of the state of the art and state of the practice was done. The findings from the synthesis study were used to develop a set of guidelines that may be followed for the implementation of these facilities. The study also included a feasibility analysis of these facilities on the I-70 freeway in Indianapolis, between I-65 and I-465. FindingsHigh Occupancy Vehicle Lane and Ramp Metering facilities have been effective in congestion mitigation. The implementation of HOV lanes on freeways has increased the average vehicle occupancy and the person carrying capacity of the freeway at most sites. The HOV lanes offer travel time savings, vehicle operating cost savings and have proved to be cost effective. However the success of a HOV lane facility depends on how effectively and efficiently the support facilities such as ridership programs, enforcement policies, public education programs, park-and-ride lots and other parking facilities are implemented. A conducive travel pattern on the freeway corridor can enhance the effectiveness of the HOV lane. The feasibility study for the implementation of a concurrent flow lane HOV facility on I-70 showed that the HOV lane on I-70 WB would be economically feasible with significant travel time, vehicle operating cost and emission savings. It was found that the freeway section under study is not significantly congested in the EB direction during the ten analysis period (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016). The economic feasibility of HOV lane was determined corresponding to three scenarios of growth in freeway average vehicle occupancy. The scenarios represented three levels of growth in HOV lane traffic volume. Two alternative approaches, add-a-lane and take-a-lane to HOV lane implementation, were evaluated. The add-a-lane approach was found to be more economically beneficial with higher travel time savings for vehicles in HOV and general purpose lanes. Further, it was found that the operation of the added lane as HOV lane will have more benefits than operating the added lane as a mixed flow lane. However, the implementation of the HOV lane on I-70 should ensure that the passenger throughput and vehicle throughput in the HOV lane is more than a minimum threshold. A HOV demand model for the Indianapolis area should be developed based on the socio-economic characteristics of the region to estimate the number of vehicles using the HOV lane. Local traffic-responsive ramp metering was found to improve traffic conditions on the freeways by eliminating the stop-and-go conditions and hence increasing the freeway travel ...

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“…Its severity continues to increase imposing significant costs on the traveler, environment, economy, and society. While traditional solutions on the supply side based on building extra roads are proven to be counterproductive [25], demand management solutions have not yet been explored fully in an operational setting, either being price or quantity control instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing network congestion with a tradable credit scheme: a trip-based MFD approach

Liu,

Chen,

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This study investigates the efficiency and effectiveness of area-based tradable credit scheme (TCS) based on the trip-based Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram model for the morning commute problem. In the proposed tradable credit scheme, the regulator distributes initial credits to all travelers and designs a time-varying and trip length specific credit tariff. Credits are traded between travelers and the regulator, and the credit price is determined by the demand and supply of credits. The heterogeneity of travelers is considered in terms of desired arrival time, trip length and departure-time choice preferences. The TCS is incorporated into a day-to-day modelling framework to examine the travelers' learning process and the evolution of network and credit market properties. The existence of the equilibrium solution and the uniqueness of the credit price at equilibrium state are established analytically. Furthermore, a open-source simulation framework is developed to showcase the analytical properties of the proposed TCS and compare it with alternative control strategies in terms of mobility, network and social welfare performance. Bayesian optimization is then adopted to optimize the credit toll scheme. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed TCS outperforms the no-control case and matches the performance of the time-of-day pricing strategy, while maintaining its revenue-neutral nature.

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Capacity-Allocation Methods for Reducing Urban Traffic Congestion

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamic marginal cost, access control, and pollution charge: a comparison of bottleneck and whole link models

Dynamic marginal cost, access control, and pollution charge: a comparison of bottleneck and whole link models

Ramp Metering and High Occupancy Vehicle Facilities: A Synthesis Study

Managing network congestion with a tradable credit scheme: a trip-based MFD approach

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