Capacity of Two Ornamental Species (Iris sibirica and Zantedeschia aethiopica) to Take up, Translocate, and Accumulate Carbamazepine under Hydroponic Conditions

Abstract

Iris sibirica and Zantedeschia aethiopica are ornamental species that have previously been used in pilot-scale treatment wetlands (TWs) focused on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), in which good results were obtained; however, the plant influence was not completely determined. In addition, plant uptake has been reported to play a crucial role in CBZ removal in comparison to other mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of I. sibirica and Z. aethiopica to take up, translocate, and accumulate CBZ in hydroponic conditions using a nutrient solution spiked with the drug. The maximum CBZ tolerance threshold for the two species was found to be 10 mg/L, which was used to carry out the uptake experiments. The results showed a better performance of I. sibirica compared to Z. aethiopica reaching 31.1% and 20.9% of removal efficiency, respectively. The parent compound accumulated mainly on the leaves of both species. Furthermore, a high proportion of the CBZ taken up by the plants (up to 70%) was metabolized by both species. The performance of the two species suggests the importance of plant harvesting in TWs in order to promote CBZ removal and indicates the need for future works.

Phytoremediation by ornamental plants: a beautiful and ecological alternative

“…In addition to the activation of enzymes such as SOD, peroxidase (POD), and CAT (Cui et al 2013), ornamental plants exposed to metals are favored by the activation of other protective systems, such as oxide reducers, lignin peroxidase, laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, tyrosinase, and azo-reductase (Chandanshive et al 2018). Furthermore, some genus of the Araceae family, such as Zantedeschia (Chen et al 2009;Del-Toro-Sánchez et al 2013;Tejeda and Zurita 2020) and Spathiphilum (Parseh et al 2018;Sandoval et al 2020b, a), accumulate a large amount of calcium oxalate which acts in the protection against trace elements stress. In these plants, the synthesis of oxalic acid, a cellular constituent involved in the regulation of calcium (Ca) (Dineva 2019), is stimulated to maintain cellular ionic balance (Gouveia et al 2018).…”

“…Under hydroponic conditions, Iris sibirica L. and Z. aethiopica (L.) Spreng. also accumulated carbamazepine and showed high capacity (up to 70%) to degrade these drugs (Tejeda and Zurita 2020). This difference on absorption of distinct drugs occurs mainly because the absorption of organic xenobiotics depends on their physicochemical properties such as relative molecular mass, solubility in water, vapor pressure, Henry constant, partition coefficient octanol/ water (K ow ), and acid dissociation constant (pKa) (Ryšlavá et al 2015).…”

Calla lily production in enrofloxacin-contaminated soil and manure: An attractive alternative coupling income generation with antimicrobial removal from the environment

“…Among ornamental plants, calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.) is of growing commercial interest, showing high commercialization value (9)(10)(11)(12). This monocotyledon belonging to the family Araceae is marketed as pot plants, and mainly as cut flowers for flower arrangements and bouquets.…”

Seasonal arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization dynamic displays genotype-specific pattern in Iris sibirica L.

“…Iris sibirica leaves and rhizomes have medicinal properties (Kovalev et al, 2017) while flowers are a source of natural dyes (Kaššák and Kuli, 2014). Also, these plants present phytoremediation capacity for heavy metals (Wang et al, 2018), excess of nutrients (Yang et al, 2017) and some pharmaceutical pollutants (Tejeda and Zurita, 2020).…”