CapE, a 47-Amino-Acid Peptide, Is Necessary for
            <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>
            Polyglutamate Capsule Synthesis

Candela, Thomas; Mock, Michèle; Fouet, Agnès

doi:10.1128/jb.187.22.7765-7772.2005

Cited by 97 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The pagA, cya, and lef genes are located noncontiguously on the pXO1 virulence plasmid, and their expression requires the product of another plasmid gene, atxA (9,17,22,32). The AtxA regulator is also required for transcription of the capBCADE operon for capsule production, which is located on the second virulence plasmid of B. anthracis, pXO2 (7,12,19,33). The requirement for AtxA for cap operon transcription is mediated by the products of two pXO2 genes, acpA and acpB, which share some similarity with AtxA (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dual Promoters Control Expression of theBacillus anthracisVirulence Factor AtxA

et al. 2008

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Dual Promoters Control Expression of theBacillus anthracisVirulence Factor AtxA

et al. 2008

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“…The glutamic acid residues of the homopolymer are solely in the D-form (γDPGA). The biosynthetic operon capBCADE encoding the capsule is present on the plasmid pXO2 (3)(4)(5)(6). Strains that lack pXO2 are highly attenuated (7)(8)(9), and such strains have been used as vaccines to prevent anthrax in domesticated animals for more than 50 y (10).…”

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Pre- and postexposure protection against virulent anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to Bacillus anthracis capsule

Chen¹,

Schneerson

Lovchik

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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One of the two essential virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis is the poly-γ-D-glutamic acid (γDPGA) capsule. Five γDPGA-specific antibody antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) were generated from immunized chimpanzees. The two selected for further study, Fabs 11D and 4C, were both converted into full-length IgG1 and IgG3 mAbs having human IgG1 or IgG3 constant regions. These two mAbs had similar binding affinities, in vitro opsonophagocytic activities, and in vivo efficacies, with the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses reacting similarly. The mAbs bound to γDPGA specifically with estimated binding affinities (K d ) of 35-70 nM and effective affinities (effective K d ) of 0.1-0.3 nM. The LD 50 in an opsonophagocytic bactericidal assay was ≈10 ng/mL of 11D or 4C. A single 30-μg dose of either mAb given to BALB/c mice 18 h before challenge conferred about 50% protection against a lethal intratracheal spore challenge by the virulent B. anthracis Ames strain. More importantly, either mAb given 8 h or 20 h after challenge provided significant protection against lethal infection. Thus, these anti-γDPGA mAbs should be useful, alone or in combination with antitoxin mAbs, for achieving a safe and efficacious postexposure therapy for anthrax.

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“…Cells of a capD mutant are surrounded by polyglutamate material that is not covalently associated with the cell surface. Moreover, Candela showed a fifth gene of the cap operon, capE, is required for formation of capsule (9). The 47-amino-acid peptide encoded by capE is localized in the B.…”

Section: Cell Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The International Bacillus anthracis , B. cereus , and B. thuringiensis Conference, “ Bacillus -ACT05”

et al. 2006

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4The International Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis Conference, heretofore known as the "The Bacillus ACT Meeting" was held 25 to 29 September 2005 in Santa Fe, N.Mex. The conference represented a union of two meetings previously known as the International Conference on Anthrax and the International Workshop on the Molecular Biology of Bacillus cereus, B. anthracis, and B. thuringiensis. The mission of the Bacillus ACT05 Meeting was to bring together researchers involved in scientific research related to the physiology, genetics, molecular biology, and pathogenesis of these closely related bacteria.Evidence of new research efforts concerning the B. cereus group species, fueled in part by global concerns related to bioterrorism, was apparent at the previous joint meeting held in the spring of 2003 in Nice, France. Two and one-half years later, fruits of these efforts were realized. New knowledge of host-pathogen interactions was apparent in many sessions of the 2005 conference. Investigations of the anthrax toxin remained a vital component of the meeting. Reports of toxininduced physiopathological changes and the innate immune response were emphasized and debated. New information regarding the structure and function of edema toxin, previously overshadowed by studies of lethal toxin, was presented. In addition, data from various animal models of infection generated discussions of species-and strain-specific responses.While numerous presentations focused on B. anthracis, considerable time was also spent on other species of the B. cereus group, and important similarities and differences in the species were revealed. The ecology of these species, a long-neglected area of investigation, gained attention at the meeting, which included reports concerning lifestyles of the bacteria in the soil and in the insect gut. The B. anthracis genomics explosion has had a major impact on research in all three species. Genomics not only has permitted delineation of phylogenetic trees comprised of B. cereus group strains, but has fostered generation of new hypotheses regarding specific physiological differences within the group. The innovative molecular epidemiology tools developed for B. anthracis will have broad application for analysis of other bacterial species. Finally, considerable interest in spore structure has emerged. The composition and function of the exosporium, an outer coating specific to the surface of spores of the B. cereus group, were queried and deliberated.Approximately 350 participants representing over 20 countries gathered to discuss 213 oral and poster presentations. This meeting report is limited primarily to highlights of oral presentations.

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CapE, a 47-Amino-Acid Peptide, Is Necessary for Bacillus anthracis Polyglutamate Capsule Synthesis

Cited by 97 publications

References 46 publications

Dual Promoters Control Expression of theBacillus anthracisVirulence Factor AtxA

Dual Promoters Control Expression of theBacillus anthracisVirulence Factor AtxA

Pre- and postexposure protection against virulent anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to Bacillus anthracis capsule

The International Bacillus anthracis , B. cereus , and B. thuringiensis Conference, “ Bacillus -ACT05”

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