Capillary Electrophoresis in Food and Foodomics

Abstract

Quality and safety assessment as well as the evaluation of other nutritional and functional properties of foods imply the use of robust, efficient, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical methodologies. Among analytical technologies used in the fields of food analysis and foodomics, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has generated great interest for the analyses of a large number of compounds due to its high separation efficiency, extremely small sample and reagent requirements, and rapid analysis. The introductory section of this chapter provides an overview of the recent applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in food analysis and foodomics. Relevant reviews and research articles on these topics are tabulated including papers published in the period 2011-2014. In addition, to illustrate the great capabilities of CE in foodomics the chapter describes the main experimental points to be taken into consideration for a metabolomic study of the antiproliferative effect of carnosic acid (a natural diterpene found in rosemary) against HT-29 human colon cancer cells.

Omics approaches for food authentication

“…Currently, the most used technological platforms for metabolome‐based non‐targeted studies are mass spectrometry devices , in particular qToF‐MS or orbitrap‐based technologies, equipped with an electrospray ionization source, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy . Since it is often necessary to study very complex mixtures of substances which, in addition to numerous metabolites, sometimes also contain macromolecules and isobaric compounds, mass spectrometric systems are often coupled with liquid‐, electrophoresis‐, or gas chromatography techniques in order to obtain a separation according to time. For this reason, 2D systems (LC × LC, GC × GC) increase the overall resolution, but in these cases method development requires a higher level of experience, especially with LC × LC couplings, which is why such combination has been used only slightly so far .…”

The use of capillary electrophoresis in the evaluation of food and beverages

“…Целевой анализ осуществляется для оценки качества и безопасности, включая комбинацию процедур подготовки образца и последующего анализа методом капиллярного электрофореза заданного количества соединений из сложной смеси. В качестве альтернативной стратегии целевого анализа существуют разработки профильных технологий, создающих потенциал для улучшения аналитов, которые можно определить одновременно в одном анализе [1].…”

Identification of antihypertensive peptides in nutraceuticals by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry

“…Most of the methods that have been developed for the analysis of peptides in milk protein hydrolysates in a wide variety of food products are based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [10][11][12]. Capillary electrophoresismass spectrometry (CE-MS) has been applied to a lower extent [11][12][13][14][15], despite the many and well-known benefits of this high-performance separation technique based on electromigration, which provides complementary, and very often better, separations than hydrophobicity-driven reversed-phase LC-MS, especially for charged polar compounds [16]. In this respect, we have described a CE-MS method to identify the presence of bioactive peptides in several commercial hypoallergenic infant formulas manufactured by hydrolysis of bovine milk proteins to diminish the risk of protein allergy [13,14].…”

“…In this respect, we have described a CE-MS method to identify the presence of bioactive peptides in several commercial hypoallergenic infant formulas manufactured by hydrolysis of bovine milk proteins to diminish the risk of protein allergy [13,14]. A sample clean-up and preconcentration using a citrate buffer with dithiothreitol (DTT) and urea followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a C18 sorbent was applied before CE-MS. Then, features and bioactive peptides were searched in the electropherograms using the typical tools of the commercial software packages provided with the mass spectrometer [13,14] or similar alternatives freely available online [15], which very often are difficult and tedious to use and must be carefully applied to avoid biased and unreliable results. As an alternative to this traditional data analysis methods, here, using as a case study a topic of interest nowadays in food analysis, such as the identification of antihypertensive peptides in a nutraceutical derived from a milk protein hydrolysate, we propose a data analysis workflow for data pre-processing, data resolution and untargeted compound (feature) finding based on advanced chemometric tools [17], specifically regions of interest (ROIs) compression [18] and multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) [19,20].…”