Capillary electrophoresis of trace metals in highly saline physiological sample matrices

Riaz, Asif; Kim, Bojeong; Chung, Doo Soo

doi:10.1002/elps.200305537

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Being implemented in the same capillary as for the CE separation, it does not require modification on commercial instrumentation and an appropriate set of leading/terminating electrolytes can be developed by means of computer simulation [158]. While the tITP method works at best when handling diluted samples, several groups investigated its utility for enhanced ITP focusing of trace ionic species injected from highly saline matrices [155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][168][169][170][171][172][173], for the sample macrocomponent (e.g., chloride or sodium) may play a role of the leading ion. By optimizing the nature, concentration, and injection procedure for Table 3).…”

Section: Sample Preconcentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Timerbaev

2004

Electrophoresis

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This review as a sequel of three earlier similar reports gives a summary of the progress and significant methodological developments, starting from 2002, in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for inorganic ion analysis. As substantiated by the illustrative number of relevant references, improvements in sensitivity achieved both in and outside a CE system, advances in manipulating the separation selectivity, novel hardware configurations, and system performance innovations are continually being reported over the review period. Specifically viewed are the recent advancements in elemental (bio)speciation analysis, which remains one of the most fertile areas of CE research, as well as in three recently booming research topics: contactless conductivity detection, separations on microchips, and transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. A state-of-the-art picture of technique's potentialities within the field of interest presented here demonstrates that CE has become recognized and is growing in acceptance as a reliable alternative to traditional analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

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Section: Sample Preconcentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Timerbaev

2004

Electrophoresis

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“…3,4 Metal-PAR complexes were prepared off-line and subjected to TITP stacking, utilizing the sample matrix chloride as the leading electrolyte (LE) to achieve limits of detection (LOD) in the low/sub ppb range. However, the method was not applicable to some heavy metal ions such as Cd 2+ due to its weak complexation with PAR.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotachophoretically Assisted On-Line Complexation of Trace Metal Ions in a Highly Saline Matrix for Capillary Electrophoresis

Kim¹,

Choi²,

Cho³

et al. 2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Trace metal ions such as Cd 2+, Ni 2+, and Zn 2+ in a highly saline sample were subjected to on-line complexation with 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) dissolved in a background electrolyte (BGE) under transient isotachophoresis (TITP) conditions. A long plug of the saline sample, containing the trace metal ions but devoid of TAR, was injected into a coated capillary filled with a BGE composed of 150 mM 2-(cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) and 110 mM triethylamine (TEA) at pH 9.7. Since the electrophoretic mobility of TAR fell between the mobilities of the anionic leading electrolyte (Cl − in the sample) and the anionic terminating background electrolyte (CHES − ), a highly concentrated zone of TAR from the BGE was formed at the rear of the sample matrix and then the metal cations toward the cathode were swept by isotachophoretically assisted on-line complexation (IAOC) between the metal ions and the isotachophoretically stacked TAR. As a result, anionic metal-TAR complexes were formed efficiently, which satisfy the TITP conditions between Cl − and CHES − . The enrichment factors of metal ions including Cd 2+ were up to 780-fold compared to a conventional CZE mode using absorbance detection. The detection limits were 17 nM, 15 nM, and 27 nM for Ni 2+, Zn 2+, and Cd 2+ in a 250 mM NaCl matrix, respectively. Our method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine samples without desalting.

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“…As we know, in biological matrix there are high concentrations of electrolytes and many interferents, which are the obstacle for performance of LVSSPS. A few applications showed possibilities of this stacking in biological matrixes by CE, including 3-nitrotyrosine in rat urine [21], isoxyzolylpenicillins in milk [22], trace metals in urine [23], acyclovir in plasma [24], and plant hormones in tobacco flowers [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of mercaptopurine and its four metabolites by large‐volume sample stacking with polarity switching in capillary electrophoresis

Wang¹,

Chiou

2005

Electrophoresis

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This study describes approaches for stacking a large volume of sample solutions containing a mixture of mercaptopurine monohydrate, 6-methylmercaptopurine, thioguanine, thioguanosine, and thioxanthine in capillary electrophoresis (CE). After filling the run buffer (60 mM borate buffer, pH 8.5), a large sample volume was loaded by hydrodynamic injection (2.5 psi, 99.9 s), followed by the removal of the large plug of sample matrix from the capillary using polarity switching (-15 kV). Monitoring the current and reversing the polarity when 95% of current recovered, the separation of anionic analytes was performed in a run buffer < 20 kV. Around 44- to 90-fold improvement of sensitivity for five analytes was achieved by large-volume stacking with polarity switching when compared with CE without stacking. This method was feasible for determination of the analytes spiked in plasma. Removing most of electrolytes from plasma is a key step for performing large-volume sample stacking. Solid-phase extraction was used for pretreatment of biological samples. To our knowledge, this study is one of few applications showing the possibilities of this stacking procedure to analyze biological samples by large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching (LVSSPS) in CE.

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Capillary electrophoresis of trace metals in highly saline physiological sample matrices

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Isotachophoretically Assisted On-Line Complexation of Trace Metal Ions in a Highly Saline Matrix for Capillary Electrophoresis

Determination of mercaptopurine and its four metabolites by large‐volume sample stacking with polarity switching in capillary electrophoresis

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