Capillary gap flow cell as capillary-end electrochemical detector in flow-based analysis

Abstract

Capillary gap flow cell as capillary-end electrochemical detector in flow-based analysis,

Electrochemical characterisation of nanoparticulate zirconium dioxide-on-gold electrode for electrochemical detection in flow-based analytical systems

“…with the lowest reported for EC detection in flow-based analytical systems. The calculated LODs are about 2-times lower than the lowest reported LODs in our previous work [12] for 2,3-DHBA, and pyrocatechol as illustrated in Table 1. In this study, we observed 95 to 180-times improvement of current at 800 mV while comparing the voltammograms of solutes (ascorbic acid, 2,3-DHBA, and pyrocatechol, see SI Error!…”

“…3-times) of the baseline noise and enhanced peak efficiency ca. 4-8% compared to reported EC detection in flow-based analytical systems [12] for all solutes, namely ascorbic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and pyrocatechol.…”

“…d Sensitivity was calculated from 0.1 to 100 µM in this study (0.5-100 µM in our previous work [12]). The sensitivity units are mAu µM -1 (UV detection) and nA µM -1 (EC detection).…”

“…We attribute these insignificant differences in peak efficiency and broadening in EC detector due to the connecting pathways [62], geometry [63] and effective volume of the FC [34]. EC detection in our previous studies also reported minor differences in peak efficiency and broadening compared to the UV detection [12]. , and applied potential: 800 mV.…”

“…Kleijn et al [10] also reported the use of NMs on electrode surface resulting in an increased rate of mass-transport to the electrode surface via the formation of diffusion layers above each NP or NPs agglomerates. These properties make them extremely suitable for augmenting the performance of EC detection in terms of larger effective surface areas and better EC response (in terms of peak current, EC reversibility, and EC conversion efficiency) [2], including when used within flow-based analytical platforms, such as flow injection analysis (FIA), capillary electrophoresis, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [11,12]. The most reported NMs used for electrode modification in flow-based analytical systems have been silver (Ag) [2], gold (Au) [2,13,14], nickel (Ni) [15,16], platinum (Pt) [2], boron (B)-doped M A N U S C R I P T…”