Capillary gas chromatographic profiling of urinary, plasma and erythrocyte sugars and polyols as their trimethylsilyl derivatives, preceded by a simple and rapid prepurification method

Jansen, Gijsbert J.; Muskiet, Faj; Schierbeek, Henk; Berger, Ruud; Slik, W. van der

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(86)90303-7

Cited by 126 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Plasma acetaminophen concentration was measured by colorimetry (kit K8002, Cambridge Life Sciences, Ely, Cambs, UK). The concentration of 3-O-MG, D-X and L-R in urine was determined by gas chromatography employing flame ionization for detection and D-glucoheptose as an internal standard (Jansen et al, 1986). The dry matter in the digestive contents was determined according to standard methods (AOAC, 1990).…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Labussière

Berends

Gilbert

et al. 2014

Animal

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In milk-fed calves, quantification of the milk that enters the rumen (ruminal milk volume, RMV) because of malfunction of the esophageal groove reflex may explain part of the variability observed between animals in their growth performance. The RMV can directly be quantified by adding an indigestible marker to the diet and measuring its recovery in the rumen at slaughter, but this technique cannot be repeated in time in the same animal. The objective of the study was to evaluate three indirect methods for estimating RMV. The first method was based on the assumption that ruminal drinking delays and limits acetaminophen appearance in blood after ingestion of milk supplemented with acetaminophen. The second method was based on a negative linear relationship between RMV and urinary recovery of non-metabolizable monosaccharides (3-O-methylglucose, L-rhamnose and D-xylose) added to the milk, owing to rumen fermentation. In the third method, RMV was calculated as the difference between total milk intake and the increase in abomasal milk volume (AMV) at feeding, measured through ultrasonography shortly after feeding, or estimated from the mathematical extrapolation of AMV to feeding time, based on consecutive measurements. These methods were tested in three experiments where calves (n = 22, 10 and 13) were bucket fed or partly tube fed (i.e. by inserting milk replacer into the rumen via a tube to mimic ruminal drinking). In addition, Co-EDTA and Cr-EDTA were used as an indigestible marker in one experiment to trace bucket-fed or tube-fed milk replacer, respectively, to measure RMV. The relationship between AMV measured by ultrasonography and AMV measured at slaughter improved when kinetics of AMV were extrapolated to the time of slaughter by mathematical modeling (error between predicted and measured AMV equaled 0.49 l). With this technique, RMV during feeding averaged 17% and 24% of intake in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Plasma acetaminophen kinetics and recovery of non-metabolizable monosaccharides in urine were partly associated with ruminal drinking, but these techniques are not considered quantitatively accurate without further information of rumen degradation and absorption. The recovery of indigestible marker measured at slaughter gave a quantitative estimate of RMV (2% in Experiment 3), but improper measurement of emptying rate of fluid from the rumen may lead to underestimation. In conclusion, measuring changes in AMV by ultrasonography, in response to milk feeding, was the most promising indirect method to quantify RMV in veal calves.

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Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Labussière

Berends

Gilbert

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…24 Data were collected online using Star Chromatography software (Varian, Tempe, AZ), and peak areas were measured and corrected for the internal standard. Urinary recovery of each sugar was expressed as a percentage of the intake, and the lactulose/rhamnose ratio (L/R), the D-xylose/OMG (XYL/OMG) ratio, and the rhamnose/ OMG (RHA/OMG) were calculated.…”

Section: Urinary Excretion Ratios Of Differential Sptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring myeloablative therapy‐induced small bowel toxicity by serum citrulline concentration

Lutgens

Blijlevens

Deutz

et al. 2004

Cancer

141

107

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BACKGROUNDIntestinal mucositis is an important cause of cancer treatment‐related morbidity and mortality, carrying a serious economic burden. Currently, objective parameters are lacking that would enable the monitoring of gut damage in routine clinical practice, thus hindering the development of clinical studies designed to investigate potential new strategies aimed at reducing or preventing this side effect. The authors investigated the characteristics of serum citrulline concentration compared with sugar permeability tests with respect to its use as a marker for cancer treatment‐induced small bowel injury.METHODSIn this prospective study, 10 patients with hematologic malignancies who were receiving myeloablative therapy had gut toxicity assessed with sugar permeability tests. Serum citrulline concentrations also were determined using archival serum samples. The association between both parameters and their respective characteristics were analyzed and compared with data from the literature.RESULTSSensitivity and specificity were better for the citrulline assay compared with sugar permeability tests. Maximum gut damage assessed with the citrulline assay was observed 1–2 weeks earlier compared with the sugar permeability test. Similarly, citrulline indicated recovery of gut damage at 3 weeks after transplantation, whereas most sugar permeability tests remained abnormal.CONCLUSIONSThe simplicity of the method, the low costs, and the lack of drawbacks to the method make the citrulline assay the first choice for measuring and monitoring treatment‐related gut damage and provides an objective parameter for cancer treatment‐related gut toxicity. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.

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“…11 Data were collected on-line using Star Chromatography software (Varian, Tempe, AZ, USA) and peak areas were measured and corrected to the internal standard.…”

Section: Determination Of the Sugars In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Citrulline: a potentially simple quantitative marker of intestinal epithelial damage following myeloablative therapy

Blijlevens

Lutgens

Schattenberg

et al. 2004

Bone Marrow Transplant

108

104

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Summary:We noted a significant decline in the serum concentrations of citrulline of 32 haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients following intensive myeloablative therapy during the first 3 weeks after transplantation when patients have oral mucositis, a markedly disturbed gut integrity (L/R ratio) and are most at risk of infection and other severe complications. Closer inspection of the citrulline concentrations of 12 patients confirmed that the decline did indeed correspond to the onset of oral mucositis and altered gut integrity. Since serum citrulline is a reliable biochemical marker of small bowel enterocyte mass in humans with villous-atrophy-associated diseases, it may prove a useful marker for intestinal mucosal damage induced by chemotherapy, allowing the relationship between gut mucosal damage and post-transplant complications including infections to be explored more readily. Mucositis is a manifestation of mucosal barrier injury and is the most frequent cause of morbidity associated with the myeloablative conditioning treatment used to prepare for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 1 Oral mucositis is easy to recognise, whereas detection of intestinal mucosal injury relies essentially on nonspecific symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps, which affect almost every HSCT recipient. An alternative means of recognising gut mucosal barrier injury is required if it is to be better understood and managed. Alterations in permeability and loss of epithelial surface are features of gut injury that can be detected by sugar permeability tests which are noninvasive and generally accepted as a surrogate marker of gut damage in patients treated for cancer. 2 However, sugar permeability tests are cumbersome and wholly dependent on patient compliance. A marker of intestinal injury that could be determined in blood would be ideal, but none has been described so far. Citrulline might prove valuable in this regard since it is an end product of glutamine metabolism of small intestinal enterocytes, cells which lack the necessary cytosolic enzymes to convert the amino acid to arginine. 3 Blood concentrations of citrulline directly reflect cell mass of the small intestine since the small intestine is the principal source of the amino acid, and it is not metabolised by the liver. 4 In mice, citrulline levels were used to quantify acute small bowel epithelial damage after single-dose whole-body irradiation. 5 The high-dose chemotherapy used to prepare patients to receive an HSCT injures the small intestine by inducing crypt apoptosis, hypoplastic villous atrophy and loss of enterocytes. 6 We determined the amino-acid profiles in the serum of a cohort of 32 HSCT recipients who had participated in a prospective randomised placebo-controlled study approved by the local Ethics Committee, the aim of which was to investigate the possible benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with glutamine-dipeptide. As citrulline was included, we were able to relate the concentrations tempo...

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Capillary gas chromatographic profiling of urinary, plasma and erythrocyte sugars and polyols as their trimethylsilyl derivatives, preceded by a simple and rapid prepurification method

Cited by 126 publications

References 13 publications

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Monitoring myeloablative therapy‐induced small bowel toxicity by serum citrulline concentration

Citrulline: a potentially simple quantitative marker of intestinal epithelial damage following myeloablative therapy

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