Capitalization of the pension system as the main direction of pension reform in Ukraine

Abstract

Background: The economic and demographic crises burdened by the war create a significant social problem that concerns the pension provision of Ukrainian citizens. In addition, it should be taken into account that 40% of the Pension Fund's expenses are covered by transfers from the state budget. The current pension system is not able to provide pensioners with a decent life and therefore needs to be revised and reformed. Purpose: Study of issues related to the current state, problems and prospects of the development of the pension system in Ukraine. Methods: The method of analysis, the method of comparing opinions, the method of theoretical and empirical research of statistical data was used. Results: The pension system in Ukraine consists of three levels, the first and main of which is the joint pension system. Although it does not provide an adequate level of provision for pensioners and generally has problematic prospects. At the same time, the second and third levels - mandatory and voluntary savings systems - can increase pension savings. And this is the path of reforming the pension system followed by most countries of the world. However, there is currently no second level of pension provision in Ukraine. Therefore, the deputies introduced the draft law "On accumulative pension provision", the purpose of which is to transform the pension system of Ukrainian citizens by creating an additional support - a mandatory accumulative system, which will allow citizens to make additional individual pension savings for old age. Conclusion: Currently in Ukraine, the implementation of the so-called second level of the mandatory accumulated pension system as an additional element of the pension system, with the aim of forming pension savings and increasing the overall replacement ratio of the main indicator of the adequacy of pension payments, is relevant for the restoration of the proper level of pension provision. Keywords: pension, solidarity pension system, accumulative pension system, reform.