“…These changes may affect ratios and performance measures such as price-to-earnings ratio, book-to-market ratio, profit margin, interest coverage ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, sales and profit growth, return in equity, and return on assets. Literature on Topic 842 points to improved investment efficiency, as the new standard discourages the use of excessive operating leases to ostensibly improve financial ratios from off-balance-sheet treatments (Chatterjee 2020;Christensen, Lynch, and Partridge 2021;Ma and Thomas 2021;Yoon 2021).…”