Capitulum characters in a seed heteromorphic plant, Crepis sancta (Asteraceae): variance partitioning and inference for the evolution of dispersal rate

Imbert, Éric

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00812.x

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The few empirical studies that detected a geographic variation in dispersal tactics confirm our theoretical predictions that (passive) LDD would be advantageous in landscapes with high degrees of habitat availability (Cody and Overton 1996, Imbert 2001, Bonte et al 2006, 2007, Cheptou et al 2008), but no evidence for shifts towards more controlled movement methods in highly connective landscapes were found. To our knowledge, no empirical studies have explicitly tested the relationship between spatial configuration and the evolution of dispersal polymorphism within heterogeneous landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes

Bonte

Hovestadt

Poethke

2010

Oikos

127

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Many organisms show polymorphism in dispersal distance strategies. Th is variation is particularly ecological relevant if it encompasses a functional separation of short-(SDD) and long-distance dispersal (LDD). It remains, however, an open question whether both parts of the dispersal kernel are similarly aff ected by landscape related selection pressures.We implemented an individual-based model to analyze the evolution of dispersal traits in fractal landscapes that vary in the proportion of habitat and its spatial confi guration. Individuals are parthenogenetic with dispersal distance determined by two alleles on each individual's genome: one allele coding for the probability of global dispersal and one allele coding for the variance σ of a Gaussian local dispersal with mean value zero.Simulations show that mean distances of local dispersal and the probability of global dispersal, increase with increasing habitat availability, but that changes in the habitat's spatial autocorrelation impose opposing selective pressure: local dispersal distances decrease and global dispersal probabilities increase with decreasing spatial autocorrelation of the available habitat. Local adaptation of local dispersal distance emerges in landscapes with less than 70% of clumped habitat.Th ese results demonstrate that long and short distance dispersal evolve separately according to diff erent properties of the landscape. Th e landscape structure may consequently largely aff ect the evolution of dispersal distance strategies and the level of dispersal polymorphism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes

Bonte

Hovestadt

Poethke

2010

Oikos

127

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“…The proportion of wind-dispersed fruits was significantly greater in Chilean populations than in Spanish ones, which suggests that selection for longer-dispersal ability had occurred in Chile. Ecotypic differentiation has also been reported for other Asteraceae, such as Crepis sancta 64 . Having a greater proportion of wind-dispersed fruits results in maximizing seed dispersal in the colonized area, thus the invasiveness of L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity combine to enhance the invasiveness of the most widespread daisy in Chile, Leontodon saxatilis

Martín‐Forés

Avilés

Gallo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Dispersal and reproductive traits of successful plant invaders are expected to undergo strong selection during biological invasions. Numerous Asteraceae are invasive and display dimorphic fruits within a single flower head, resulting in differential dispersal pathways -wind-dispersed fruits vs. nondispersing fruits. We explored ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of seed output and fruit dimorphisms in exotic Chilean and native Spanish populations of Leontodon saxatilis subsp. rothii. We collected flower heads from populations in Spain and Chile along a rainfall gradient. Seeds from all populations were planted in reciprocal transplant trials in Spain and Chile to explore their performance in the native and invasive range. We scored plant biomass, reproductive investment and fruit dimorphism. We observed strong plasticity, where plants grown in the invasive range had much greater biomass, flower head size and seed output, with a higher proportion of wind-dispersed fruits, than those grown in the native range. We also observed a significant ecotype effect, where the exotic populations displayed higher proportions of wind-dispersed fruits than native populations. Together, these patterns reflect a combination of phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic differentiation, indicating that Leontodon saxatilis has probably increased propagule pressure and dispersal distances in its invasive range to enhance its invasiveness.The impacts of invasive plant species on resident communities and ecosystem functions are a global concern, which has led to considerable resources being invested into studying invasiveness. Of particular importance is predicting which plants will become invasive. The invasiveness of alien plants depends on the habitat characteristics of the recipient area (e.g. the fluctuating resource availability theory 1 ), as well as on species traits 2 . The characteristics of recipient habitats have received considerable attention 3, 4 , highlighting that the habitats more prone to be invaded are those that are more productive or more disturbed 5,6 . However, despite some recent attention, understanding the role played by species traits in the invasion process still remains a key knowledge gap in invasion biology 7,8 .These knowledge gaps exist because invasion success is primarily studied species-by-species 9, 10 , but these gaps also exist because most studies do not compare species traits in native and invasive ranges 11 . Nevertheless, some plant traits related to reproductive and dispersal characteristics have been suggested to be of key importance to invasiveness, such as plant growth rate, seed size, and distance of seed dispersal 7, 12-14 . For example, previous studies have shown that greater plant growth accounts for the invasiveness of many alien plant species 15 . Likewise,

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“…In plants, the best‐studied examples of genes involved in dispersal come from domesticated species and model genetic organisms. In domesticated species, research has focused on dispersal features such as seed shattering in cereals (Konishi et al, ), and fruit/pod shattering (dehiscence) of multi‐seeded fruits such as pods in legumes and siliques in the mustard family, Brassicaceae (Raman et al, ) or on the proportion of central achenes produced per capitulum of some species of the Asteraceae family (Imbert, ). Depending on the species and population studied, genetic analysis of pod shattering has documented between one and 13 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or causative loci associated with this trait (Konishi et al, ; Raman et al, ; reviewed by Li & Olsen, ).…”

Section: Empirical Evidence For the Genetic Basis Of Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of dispersal

et al. 2017

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Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences.Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal‐related phenotypes or evidence for the micro‐evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment‐dependent.By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non‐additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non‐equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context‐dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.

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Capitulum characters in a seed heteromorphic plant, Crepis sancta (Asteraceae): variance partitioning and inference for the evolution of dispersal rate

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes

Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes

Ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity combine to enhance the invasiveness of the most widespread daisy in Chile, Leontodon saxatilis

Genetics of dispersal

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