Capnocytophaga sputigena bloodstream infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations: two cases report and review of the literature

Mendes, Fernanda Rodrigues; Bruniera, Felipe Ribeiro; Schmidt, Jayir; Cury, Arlete Emily; Rizeck, Camila; Higashino, Hermes Ryoiti; Oliveira, Fernando Nivaldo de; Rossi, Flávia; Rocha, Vanderson; Costa, Sílvia Figueiredo

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202062048

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In contrast, human-oral–associated Capnocytophaga bacteremia was implicated in immunocompromised patients, especially with neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This finding was observed in previous case reports and small case series [ 12 , 18 , 22 ]. Blood cultures were obtained as part of routine investigations for febrile episodes in neutropenic patients; approximately 27% of these episodes were without a clear source, whereas the rest were attributed to translocation through the oral or gastrointestinal mucosa or labeled as central venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We gathered patient characteristics such as age, sex, reported animal bite/scratch, and comorbidities. Comorbidities of interest included host immune status in addition to known risk factors for Capnocytophaga infections [ 13 , 18 , 19 ]. Hospitalization data including an initial clinical syndrome, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, type and duration of antimicrobial therapy, and surgical management were also included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Characteristics of Capnocytophaga Infection: 10 Years of Experience

Chesdachai

Tai

Yetmar

et al. 2021

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Capnocytophaga is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe. Human infection is rare but can lead to devastating outcomes. C. canimorsus can cause sepsis following an animal bite, whereas human-oral associated Capnocytophaga infections were reported in immunocompromised patients. Current data on these infections is not robust. Our goal is to provide a contemporary description of a unique characteristic of Capnocytophaga infections. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients with Capnocytophaga infection from January 2010 to August 2020 at three main hospitals of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, Scottsdale, Arizona, and Florida. We collected baseline demographic data, clinical characteristics, microbiological data, and outcomes of C. canimorsus and human-oral associated Capnocytophaga infection. Results Among 82 patients with Capnocytophaga infection, 46 patients (56.0%) had bacteremia. The most common species identified in this group was C. sputigena (57.9%), followed by C. canimorsus (34.8%). Patients with human-oral associated Capnocytophaga bacteremia were often immunocompromised, presented with neutropenic fever, and had worse six months all-cause mortality compared to C. canimorsus bacteremia (36.4% vs. 6.2%, p=.03). They also had a higher beta-lactamase production rate (36.4% vs. 0.0%, p=.02). Among patients without bacteremia, the main clinical syndrome was polymicrobial head and neck infections (47.2%). Conclusions Human-oral associated Capnocytophaga bacteremia occurs primarily in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancy. In contrast, C. canimorsus bacteremia is more likely to present with community-onset infection related to zoonotic exposure. Human-oral associated Capnocytophaga infection without bacteremia is frequently isolated in polymicrobial infection; this phenomenon's significance is yet to be fully understood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Capnocytophaga Infection: 10 Years of Experience

Chesdachai

Tai

Yetmar

et al. 2021

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Capnocytophaga species are primarily commensals of the oral cavity in humans and animals, especially dogs and cats. They are recognized as opportunistic pathogens, leading to various extra-oral infections, including severe sepsis [ 2 ], bloodstream infections [ 3 ], abscess [ 4 , 5 ], vertebral osteomyelitis [ 6 ], pneumonia [ 7 ], and perinatal infections [ 8 ] in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. In addition, Capnocytophaga species have been thought to play a role in cancer development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Capnocytophaga bilenii sp. nov., a Novel Capnocytophaga Species Detected in a Gingivitis Subject

2021

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Capnocytophaga species are commensal gliding bacteria that are found in human and animal oral microbiota and are involved in several inflammatory diseases, both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent subjects. This study contributes to increased knowledge of this genus by characterizing a novel species isolated from a dental plaque sample in a male with gingivitis. We investigated morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics using different growth conditions, temperature, and pH. Cellular fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis was employed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI), and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) relatedness were performed. The Marseille-Q4570T strain was found to be a facultative aerobic, Gram-negative, elongated, round-tipped bacterium that grew at 25–56 °C and tolerated a pH of 5.5 to 8.5 and an NaCl content ranging from 5 to 15 g/L. The most abundant fatty acid was the branched structure 13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (76%), followed by hexadecanoic acid (6%) and 3-hydroxy-15-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (4%). A 16S rDNA-based similarity analysis showed that the Marseille-Q4570T strain was closely related to Capnocytophaga leadbetteri strain AHN8855T (97.24% sequence identity). The OrthoANI and dDDH values between these two strains were, respectively, 76.81% and 25.6%. Therefore, we conclude that the Marseille-Q4570T strain represents a novel species of the genus Capnocytophaga, for which the name Capnocytophaga bilenii sp. nov. is proposed (=CSUR Q4570).

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“…Capnocytophaga infection may cause a life-threatening condition. The main risk factors are immunosuppressive medications, hematologic malignancies, diabetes, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, renal disease, alcohol use disorder, solid organ transplantation and splenectomy 10 , 11 - 19 . Although the patient did not have these aforementioned risk factors, his age may have played a significant role in the severity of the infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningitis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a COVID-19 patient: a rare complication of dog bites

Farias

Stolp

Bandeira

et al. 2022

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative rod that is part of the commensal microbiota of dogs’ and cats’ mouths. In this case, we report an 85-year-old man with COVID-19 who had his right arm bitten by a dog. His symptoms were impaired consciousness, agitation and aggressive behavior. Physical examination revealed neck stiffness and Brudzinski’s sign. The cerebrospinal fluid culture was compatible with Capnocytophaga canimorsus . He required intensive care and received a 14-day prescription of meropenem. After 40 days of hospitalization, the patient was fully recovered and was discharged. This case highlights the importance of physician and microbiologist be awareness of this disease, mainly in patients with neurological symptoms after a dog or cat bite.

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Capnocytophaga sputigena bloodstream infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations: two cases report and review of the literature

Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

The Characteristics of Capnocytophaga Infection: 10 Years of Experience

The Characteristics of Capnocytophaga Infection: 10 Years of Experience

Isolation and Characterization of Capnocytophaga bilenii sp. nov., a Novel Capnocytophaga Species Detected in a Gingivitis Subject

Meningitis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a COVID-19 patient: a rare complication of dog bites

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