Capnodiaceae

Abstract

In this paper we revisit the Capnodiaceae with notes on selected genera. Type specimens of the ascomycetous genera Aithaloderma, Anopeltis, Callebaea, Capnodaria, Echinothecium, Phragmocapnias and Scorias were re–examined, described and illustrated. Leptoxyphium is anamorphic Capnodiaceae and Polychaeton is a legitimate and earlier name for Capnodium, but in order to maintain nomenclatural stability we propose that the teleomorphic name should be conisdered for the approved lists of names currently in preparation for fungi. Notes are provided on the ascomycetous genus Scoriadopsis. However, we were unable to locate the type of this genus during the time frame of this study. The ascomycetous genera Aithaloderma, Ceramoclasteropsis, Hyaloscolecostroma and Trichomerium are excluded from Capnodiaceae on the basis of having ascostromata and trans-septate hyaline ascospores and should be accommodated in Chaetothyriaceae. Callebaea is excluded as the ascomata are thyriothecia and the genus is placed in Micropeltidaceae. Echinothecium is excluded as synonym of Sphaerellothecium and is transferred to Mycosphaerellaceae. The type specimen of Capnophaeum is lost and this should be considered as a doubtful genus. The coelomycetous Microxiphium is polyphyletic, while the status of Fumiglobus, Polychaetella and Tripospermum is unclear. Fourteen new collections of sooty moulds made in Thailand were isolated and sequenced. The nuclear large and small rDNA was partially sequenced and compared in a phylogeny used to build a more complete understanding of the relationships of genera in Capnodiaceae. Four new species are described and illustrated, while Phragmocapnias and Scorias are epitypified with fresh collections.

Morphology and phylogeny of Pseudorobillarda eucalypti sp. nov., from Thailand

“…Single-spore isolation was performed as prescribed by Chomnunti et al (2011). A pycnidium was sliced with a razor blade and the inner contents released in a drop of water.…”

Fungi on decaying leaves of Magnolia liliifera and Cinnamomum iners show litter fungi to be hyperdiverse

“…Ellis 1971, 1976, Carmichael et al 1980, Sutton 1980, Sivanesan 1984, Hanlin 1990, 1998a, 1998b, Nag Raj 1993, Seifert et al 2011. Single spore isolation method was used in fungal isolation (Choi et al 1999;Chomnunti et al 2011). All cultures were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) and deposited in MFLU Culture Collection (MFLUCC) and BIOTEC Culture Collection (BCC).…”

Two new species of sooty moulds, Capnodium coffeicola and Conidiocarpus plumeriae in Capnodiaceae

“…Capnodiaceae is the most common family of sooty moulds, which is placed in the order Capnodiales, class Dothideomycetes (Batista & Ciferri 1963, Hughes 1972, Crous et al 2009a, b, Schoch et al 2009, Chomnunti et al 2011, 2014, Hyde et al 2013, Wijayawardene et al 2014. This family was introduced by Höhnel (1910), and later validated by Theissen (1916) and the generic type is Capnodium Mont.…”

“…The family is characterized by superficial, septate, dark brown hyphae, forming a thin mycelial network on the surface of hosts, bitunicate asci, the sexual and asexual morphs can be found in the same or different hosts, however, for some the sexual morph is unknown (Chomnunti et al 2011, 2014, Hyde et al 2013. The asexual morphs form elongated pycnidia, with short or long narrow necks, have a conspicuous oval swelling near the base, middle or apex of the pycnidia, and produce hyaline conidia inside the swollen part (Chomnunti et al 2011). Crous et al (2009a, b) placed three genera in Capnodiaceae based on their phylogenetic analyses.…”

“…There are presently not enough sequence data to define a new family, thus more collections and sequence data are needed. Chomnunti et al (2011) used LSU and SSU rRNA sequence data to classify genera and species in Capnodiaceae, and concluded, based on morphology and phylogeny, that this family contains four genera; Capnodium, Leptoxyphium Speg., Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd.…”