“…147 Indeed, TiO 2 NPs can kill E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans, among others and promote chronic wound healing. 148,149 Ulu et al designed a chitosan/polypropylene glycol/TiO 2 composite hydrogel, which effectively suppressed the activity of S. aureus, E. coli, and Candida lipolytica. 150 The incorporation of TiO 2 NPs enhanced the material's antibacterial properties, demonstrating their potential biomedical application in chronic wound repair.…”