Caprenin 1. Digestion, Absorption, and Rearrangement in Thoracic Duct-Cannulated Rats

Abstract

Caprenin (CAP) is a triglyceride that primarily contains caprylic (C8:0), capric (C10:0), and behenic (C22:0) acids. This study was undertaken to determine whether or not CAP is qualitatively digested, absorbed, and rearranged like other dietary fats and oils that contain these medium-chain and very long-chain fatty acids. In vitro results showed that neat CAP, coconut oil (CO) and peanut oil (PO) were hydrolyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase. All of the neat triglycerides also were digested in vivo by both male and female rats. This was shown by the recovery of significantly more extractable lymphatic fat than with fat-free control animals and by the recovery of orally administered triglyceride-derived fatty acids in lymph triglycerides. However, substantially more PO (74%) and CO (51%) were recovered in lymph relative to CAP (10%). These quantitative differences are consistent with the fatty acid composition of each triglyceride and primary routes of fatty acid uptake. The 24-h lymphatic recovery of CAP-derived C8:0, C10:0, and C22:0 averaged 3.9%, 17.8%, and 11.2%, respectively, for male and female rats. The C8:0 and C10:0 results approximated those obtained with CO (2.0% and 16.3%, respectively). In contrast, the 24-h absorbability of C22:0 in CAP was significantly less than that seen in PO (55.4%). Finally, there was no evidence of significant rearrangement of the positions of fatty acids on glycerol during digestion and absorption. Those fatty acids recovered in lymphatic fat tended to occupy the same glyceride positions that they did in the neat administered oils. However, the lymph fats recovered from all animals dosed with fat emulsions were enriched with endogenous lymph fatty acids. It is concluded that CAP is qualitatively digested, absorbed, and processed like any dietary fat or oil that contains medium-chain and very long-chain fatty acids.

Double-Blind Controlled Study on the Effects of Dietary Diacylglycerol on Postprandial Serum and Chylomicron Triacylglycerol Responses in Healthy Humans

“…Ingestion of medium-chain TG (MCT) [39 -41] and structured TGs with medium-or short-chain fatty acids [39,42,43] as compared to ordinary TG have been shown to reduce the rate of chylomicron formation and to prevent the rapid increase of serum TG concentrations. The results obtained in the present study indicate that one can reduce the magnitude of postprandial lipemia by replacing the TG oil with the DG oil.…”

Enrichment of erucic acid from crambe oil in a recirculated packed bed reactor via lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis

“…In particular, behenic acid is produced simply by full hydrogenation of erucic acid [2]. A structured lipid (SL) called Caprenin, composed of behenic acid and medium chain fatty acids, has been shown to contain approximately half the calories of natural TAG due to incomplete absorption during digestion [3,4]. Another type of SL called BOB (B: behenic acid, O: oleic acid) is a symmetrical TAG with behenic acid at sn-1,3 positions and oleic acid at the sn-2 of glycerol backbone.…”

Synthesis and estimation of calorific value of a structured lipid‐potential reduced calorie fat

“…Caprenin, one of the first SL in the United States, was offered as a potential cocoa butter substitute. Developed as a reduced calorie fat with 5 kcal/g, Caprenin contains behenic acid, obtained from hydrogenated rapeseed oil, and two medium-chain fatty acids-caprylic and capric acids-from coconut and palm kernel oils (8)(9)(10). SALATRIM, another commercially availabile SL, contains long-chain (stearic acid) and short-chain (acetic, propionic, or butyric acids) aliphatic acids (11,12).…”