Caprine arthritis encephalitis and caseous lymphadenitis in goats: use of bulk tank milk ELISAs for herd‐level surveillance

Nagel-Alne, Gunvor Elise; Valle, Paul Steinar; Krontveit, Randi; Sølverød, Liv

doi:10.1136/vr.102605

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, Switzerland began a voluntary SRLVs eradication program in 1984, and in 1998 was recognized as a “CAE-free” country [ 6 ]. Similarly, Norway initiated programs aiming to eradicate the SRLVs infection [ 41 , 42 ]. Although CAE represents a disease subject to internal notification, no surveillance or diagnosis programs are currently implemented in Romania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an economically significant viral disease of goats caused by a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belonging to Retroviridae family. This study aimed to summarize current information on the epidemiological status of SRLVs infection in the population of goats from Romania and to point out the CAE incidence throughout the 2008-2018 periods. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive review of the papers published in the international literature concerning the epidemiological status of CAE in Romania was carried out using electronic databases, and available statistical data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regarding the incidence of the disease between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Results: The true individual-level seroprevalence of CAE was estimated in 13 of 42 counties (31%) and ranged from 0.4% to roughly 40%. One hundred eighty-two outbreaks from 14 counties (33%) were reported, with a peak in 2010. Conclusion: The findings sourcing in the literature are very scarce and show disagreement with the situation reported by the national veterinary authorities. Lack of SRLVs screening policies represents the main obstacle in limiting the spread of the disease. Romania's National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority should implement a program for diagnosis and surveillance of the disease to build a straightforward epidemiological picture that represents a prerequisite of any control and eradication program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania

et al. 2020

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“…Bulk milk tank testing has been developed for goats in Norway (Nagel-Alne and others 2015), with sensitivity of 72.7 per cent and specificity of 88.6 per cent with respect to identified prevalences greater than 2 per cent.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…‘Test and cull’ has been used for control in commercial suckler sheep flocks using individual antibody ELISA (Baird and Malone 2010, Voigt and others 2012) and coupled with bulk milk tank serology in goat herds in Norway (Nagel‐Alne and others 2015). This requires repeated serological testing of the adult flock with subsequent removal of any positive animals.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

Gascoigne¹,

Ogden²,

Lovatt³

et al. 2020

In Practice

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Background: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), caused by the gram-positive bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, has been present in Great Britain since the 1980s and is now considered endemic. CLA is considered to be an iceberg disease; that is, it is a production-limiting disease, characterised by slow insidious onset, that has production-limiting effects in a larger proportion of the flock than is exhibiting clinical signs at any given point in time.Aim of the article: The disease has been previously reviewed in In Practice (Baird 2003). In this article we consider updates in our understanding of the pathology, risk factors for flocks and the challenges of initiating control where the cost of the disease is still relatively unquantified.

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“…Bulk tank milk sampling is considered noninvasive and cost effective; it requires little time and has been proposed for surveillance programs relying on PCR or ELISA tests for controlled caprine diseases such as Q-fever, caprine arthritis encephalitis, and foodborne disease due to Staphylococcus aureus (Spanu et al, 2013;Nagel-Alne et al, 2015;Van den Brom et al, 2015). Bulk tank milk sampling has also been recently validated for use in the control of an important bovine mycoplasma, Mycoplasma bovis, by identifying herds from which purchase of animals could increase the biosecurity risk of introducing Mycoplasma bovis into noninfected herds (Parker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Btm Surveillance As a Measure To Detect Ca-infected Herdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contagious agalactia monitoring in caprine herds through regular bulk tank milk sampling

Tardy

Treilles²,

Gay

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Surveillance and control of Mycoplasma spp. responsible for contagious agalactia (CA) in caprine herds are important challenges in countries with a large smallruminant dairy industry. In the absence of any clinical signs, being able to determine the potential circulation of mycoplasmas within a herd could help to prevent biosecurity issues during animal exchanges between farms and improve health management practices. The objective of this study was to determine whether regular sampling of bulk tank milk was suitable for such surveillance. Twenty farms were sampled once a month for 2 yr and CA-responsible mycoplasmas were detected by real-time PCR on DNA extracted from milk, using 3 different DNA extraction methods. The pattern of mycoplasma excretion in bulk tank milk was assessed over time and several herd characteristics were recorded together with any event occurring within the herds. In general, the results obtained with the different detection methods were comparable and mainly agreed with the culture results. Several patterns of excretion were observed but were not related to herd characteristics (size, breed, and so on). Recurrence of the same (sub)species and same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtype during the 2-yr period is indicative of the considerable persistence of mycoplasmas. This persistence was associated with intermittent excretion. In conclusion, bulk tank milk sampling could be valuable for controlling CA in caprine herds provided it is repeated several times, yet to be defined, per year and analyzed using an appropriate methodology and the right cut-off for interpretation.

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Caprine arthritis encephalitis and caseous lymphadenitis in goats: use of bulk tank milk ELISAs for herd‐level surveillance

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania

The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania

Update on caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

Contagious agalactia monitoring in caprine herds through regular bulk tank milk sampling

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