Caprolactam production by direct solar flux

Talukdar, J.; Wong, Edward H.; Mathur, V.K.

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(91)90075-8

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Solar exposure for 1−4.25 h furnished the desired 46 in good yields of 61−84% and with excellent selectivity. The photooximation was likewise investigated by Talukdar et al 170 using simulated sunlight.…”

Section: Solar Reactions In Highly Concentrating Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Photochemical Synthesis: From the Beginnings of Organic Photochemistry to the Solar Manufacturing of Commodity Chemicals

2016

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Natural sunlight offers a cost-efficient and sustainable energy source for photochemical reactions. In contrast to the lengthy and small-scale "flask in the sun" procedures of the past, modern solar concentrator systems nowadays significantly shorten reaction times and enable technical-scale operations. After a brief historical introduction, this review presents the most important solar reactor types and their successful application in preparative solar syntheses. The examples demonstrate that solar manufacturing of fine chemicals is technically feasible and environmentally sustainable. After over 100 years, Ciamician's prophetic vision of "the photochemistry of the future" as a clean and green manufacturing methodology has yet to be realized. At the same time, his warning "for nature is not in a hurry but mankind is" is still valid today. It is hoped that this review will lead to a renewed interest in this truly enlightening technology, that it will stimulate photochemists and photochemical engineers to "go back to the roots onto the roofs" and that it will ultimately result in industrial applications in the foreseeable future.

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Section: Solar Reactions In Highly Concentrating Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Photochemical Synthesis: From the Beginnings of Organic Photochemistry to the Solar Manufacturing of Commodity Chemicals

2016

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“…The feasibility of the reaction under sunlight simulating conditions (radiation wavelength ca. 350-550 nm) 121 and an evaluation of the energetic demand for the sunlight production of 65 on industrial scale has been recently reported. 122 Thus, the use of solar radiation led to a 4-fold lower demand for electric current and an 8-fold lower demand for cooling energy if compared to the typical Toray protocol.…”

Section: Scheme 38mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hybrid photoreactor system by using sunlight during the day and mercury lamps at night was also envisaged. 121 One of the most recent promising industrial applications of concentrated sunlight is the synthesis of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. The process is based on the direct vaporization of carbon and is a valid alternative to electric-arc discharge, laser ablation and catalytic chemical vapour deposition.…”

Section: Scheme 38mentioning

confidence: 99%

The sunny side of chemistry: green synthesis by solar light

Protti

Fagnoni

2009

Photochem Photobiol Sci

138

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The storage of solar energy is one of the main challenges in the near future. A rather unexploited way to fulfil this goal is the solar light induced formation of new chemical bonds, i.e. the synthesis of chemicals. Solar photons can be considered the ideal green reagents since they are costless and leave no residue in the reaction mixture. In many cases the solar radiation could be successfully used in place of toxic or expensive chemical reagents to overcome the activation energy in organic synthesis. In this perspective, the emerging trends on the use of solar light for green synthesis are summarized, highlighting the advantages of this photochemical method.

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“…Most of the commercial benzoic acid is converted directly to phenol and caprolactam. [13][14] In United States of America, the production capacity of benzoic acid is estimated at 139,000 tons per year, which are used for both of the domestic and industrial uses as raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The theoretical investigation of HOMO, LUMO, thermophysical properties and QSAR study of some aromatic carboxylic acids using HyperChem programming

Kumer¹,

Sarker²,

Paul³

2019

International Journal of Chemistry and Technology

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Growing the molecular mechanism of chemicals, thermochemical and biological interactions is considered as the ultimate goal of computational chemistry. Some thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, entropy, dipole moment, binding energy, nuclear energy, electronics energy, heat of formation, and QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) properties of molecules like charge density, surface area grid, volume, LogP, polarizability, refractivity, molecular mass, and reactivity properties of molecules like HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital), LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), HUMO (the highest unoccupied molecular orbital)-LUMO gap, ionization potential and electron affinity were determined using the HyperChem 8.0.10 program. The computed QSAR parameters have a significant role in the estimation of the biological activity and metabolism in the human body.

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Caprolactam production by direct solar flux

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Solar Photochemical Synthesis: From the Beginnings of Organic Photochemistry to the Solar Manufacturing of Commodity Chemicals

Solar Photochemical Synthesis: From the Beginnings of Organic Photochemistry to the Solar Manufacturing of Commodity Chemicals

The sunny side of chemistry: green synthesis by solar light

The theoretical investigation of HOMO, LUMO, thermophysical properties and QSAR study of some aromatic carboxylic acids using HyperChem programming

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