Capturing Behavior in Small Doses: A Review of Comparative Research in Evaluating Thin Slices for Behavioral Measurement

Murphy, Nora A.; Hall, Judith A.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667326

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Scientists applied thin slice observation to a wide variety of research topics (Murphy & Hall, 2021). The method has proven valid in capturing dyadic parent/child interactions and characterizing parenting styles (Frost et al, 2020; James et al, 2012).…”

Section: Exemplar 2: Neighborhood Roving Provides Mixed Methods Data ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Place‐Based Developmental Research: Conceptual and Methodological Advances in Studying Youth Development in Context

Witherspoon,

White,

Bámaca

et al. 2023

Monographs Society Res Child

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Scientists have, for some time, recognized that development unfolds in numerous settings, including families, schools, neighborhoods, and organized and unorganized activity settings. Since the turn of the 20th century, the body of mainstream neighborhood effects scholarship draws heavily from the early 20th century Chicago School of Sociology frameworks and have been situating development in neighborhood contexts and working to identify the structures and processes via which neighborhoods matter for a range of developmental outcomes, especially achievement, behavioral and emotional problems, and sexual activity. From this body of work, two new areas of developmental scholarship are emerging. Both areas are promising for advancing an understanding of child development in context. First, cultural‐developmental neighborhood researchers are advancing neighborhood effects research that explicitly recognizes the ways that racial, ethnic, cultural, and immigrant social positions matter for neighborhood environments and for youths' developmental demands, affordances, experiences, and competencies. This body of work substantially expands the range of developmental outcomes examined in neighborhood effects scholarship to recognize normative physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and cultural competencies that have largely been overlooked in neighborhood effects scholarship that espoused a more color‐blind developmental approach. Second, activity space neighborhood researchers are recognizing that residential neighborhoods have important implications for broader activity spaces—or the set of locations and settings to which youth are regularly exposed, including, for example, schools, work, organized activities, and hang‐outs. They are using newer technologies and geographic frameworks to assess exposure to residential neighborhood and extra‐neighborhood environments. These perspectives recognize that time (i.e., from microtime to mesotime) and place are critically bound and that exposures can be operationalized at numerous levels of the ecological system (i.e., from microsystems to macrosystems). These frameworks address important limitations of prior development in context scholarship by addressing selection and exposure. Addressing selection involves recognizing that families have some degree of choice when selecting into settings and variables that predict families' choices (e.g., income) also predict development. Considering exposure involves recognizing that different participants or residents experience different amounts of shared and nonshared exposures, resulting in both under‐and over‐estimation of contextual effects. Activity space scholars incorporate exposure to the residential neighborhood environments, but also to other locations and settings to which youth are regularly exposed, like schools, after‐school settings, work, and hang‐outs. Unfortunately, the cultural‐development and activity space streams, which have both emerged from early 20th century work on neighborhood effects on development, have been advancing largely independently. Thus, the overarching aim of this monograph is to integrate scholarship on residential neighborhoods, cultural development, and activity spaces to advance a framework that can support a better understanding of development in context for diverse groups. In Chapters I and II we present the historical context of the three streams of theoretical, conceptual, and methodological research. We also advance a comprehensive cultural‐developmental activity space framework for studying development in context among children, youth, and families that are ethnically, racially, and culturally heterogeneous. This framework actively recognized diversity in ethnic, racial, immigrant, and socioeconomic social positions. In Chapters III–V we advance specific features of the framework, focusing on: (1) the different levels of nested and nonnested ecological systems that can be captured and operationalized with activity space methods, (2) the different dimensions of time and exposures or experiences that can be captured and operationalized by activity space methods, and (3) the importance of settings structures and social processes for identifying underlying mechanisms of contextual effects on development. Structures are setting features related to the composition and spatial arrangement of people and institutions (e.g., socioeconomic disadvantage, ethnic/racial compositions). Social processes represent the collective social dynamics that take place in settings, like social interactions, group activities, experiences with local institutions, mechanisms of social control, or shared beliefs. In Chapter VI, we highlight a range of methodological and empirical exemplars from the United States that are informed by our comprehensive cultural‐developmental activity space framework. These exemplars feature both quantitative and qualitative methods, including method mixing. These exemplars feature both quantitative and qualitative methods, including method mixing. The exemplars also highlight the application of the framework across four different samples from populations that vary in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES), geographic region, and urbanicity. They capture activity space characteristics and features in a variety of ways, in addition to incorporating family shared and nonshared activity space exposures. Finally, in Chapter VII we summarize the contributions of the framework for advancing a more comprehensive science of development in context, one that better realizes major developmental theories emphasizing persons, processes, contexts, and time. Additionally, we offer a place‐based, culturally informed developmental research agenda to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population.

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Section: Exemplar 2: Neighborhood Roving Provides Mixed Methods Data ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Place‐Based Developmental Research: Conceptual and Methodological Advances in Studying Youth Development in Context

Witherspoon,

White,

Bámaca

et al. 2023

Monographs Society Res Child

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“…However, in collected video clips, they were not always split into a single screen (e.g., appearing on the screen one by one). Thus, the “thin slice” technique was employed for the split-screen, which can represent the entire interaction even with a short, segmented clip (Murphy & Hall, 2021 ; Murphy et al, 2015 ). Since more clips can be included in the analysis, the length of the sliced segment was set to 20 seconds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rating approach could save the coder’s time and effort, but it would be still laborious in the frequent human judgments to be made. To overcome the labor-intensive nature of manual coding, researchers have had to resort to focusing on the segmented clip (Murphy & Hall, 2021 ). A previous study demonstrated nonverbal behaviors in a “thin-sliced” segment could represent nonverbal behavior throughout the interaction (Murphy et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonverbal Synchrony in Technology-Mediated Interviews: A Cross-Cultural Study

et al. 2022

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Technology-mediated communication has changed the way we interact. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, this trend became even more pronounced. Media interviews are no exception. Yet, studies on nonverbal behaviors, especially nonverbal synchrony during such mediated settings, have been scarce. To fill the research gap, this study investigated synchronized patterns between interview hosts’ and guests’ facial emotional displays and upper body movement during mediated interviews recorded in the countries in Western (mainly the US, with the addition of the UK) and Eastern cultures (Japan). The interviews were categorized into information- or entertainment-driven interviews, depending on the social attributes of the guest. The time series of the valence in facial displays and upper body movement was automatedly measured using FaceReader and Motion Energy Analysis software, respectively, which was analyzed in terms of simultaneous movements, a primary component of synchrony. As predicted, facial synchrony was more prevalent in information-driven interviews, supporting the motivational and strategic account of synchrony. In addition, female-hosted interviews had a higher degree of synchrony, especially in information-driven interviews. Similar patterns were seen in movement synchrony, although not significant. This study is the first evidence of synchrony in technology-mediated interviews in which a host and a guest appear on split-screen to inform or entertain audiences. However, no cultural differences in synchrony were observed. Situational demands in front of the interactants and the goal-driven nature of communication seemed to play a more prominent role than cultural differences in nonverbal synchrony. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10919-022-00416-3.

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“…Of pertinence to the present research and the majority of existing studies in the spontaneous trait inferences domain is the focus on nonverbal cues (Ambady & Rosenthal, 1992). Research attention on nonverbal cues such as gestures and facial expressions has remained high for the last few decades (Breil et al, 2021; Murphy & Hall, 2021). This is likely because compared to verbal cues, nonverbal cues are known to be more difficult to suppress, control, and monitor, and hence an individual’s traits and internal states are believed to “leak” more through nonverbal channels and be relied on more by observers when making interpersonal judgments (DePaulo, 1992; but see Biel et al, 2013, and Hickman et al, 2021, for discussions on the relative importance of verbal cues in the inferences of some traits).…”

Section: Impression Formation From Nonverbal Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there has been a substantial amount of scholarly interest on the effects of nonverbal cues on interpersonal trait judgments, the overwhelming majority of studies have focused on visually salient cues, such as gaze, body language, and facial expressions (Ambady & Rosenthal, 1992; Murphy & Hall, 2021; Murphy et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2021). The current environment, however, calls for more research attention on how interpersonal judgments and impressions could be formed in the absence of visual cues.…”

Section: Impression Formation From Nonverbal Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faster responders are perceived as more extraverted.

Wang¹,

Ziano²

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Personality inferences are fundamental to human social interactions and have far-reaching effects on various social decisions. Fourteen experiments (13 preregistered; total N = 5,160; using audio, video, and text stimuli) involving British, U.S. American, Singaporean, and Australian participants show that people responding to a question immediately (vs. after a slight pause) are seen as more extraverted. This is because response delays are believed to signal nervousness and passivity, and hence introversion. This effect was consistently observed across a range of scenarios from everyday small talk to mock job interviews and for various types of response formats, including face-to-face, phone, and online conversations. We found that the effect was not influenced by apparent relationship closeness between the responder and questioner but that it was influenced by whether observers believed that the responder was mentally occupied during the interaction. Importantly, our results also suggest that the effect of response timing on extraversion perceptions influences hiring decisions—job applicants are more likely to be hired by mock employers for job types congruent with their level of extraversion as exuded from their response timing. Finally, we found that observers typically expect that introverted individuals would pause for longer before responding to questions, as compared to extraverted individuals. Theoretical implications for the understanding of personality impression formation and response timing and practical implications for hiring and other interpersonal situations are discussed.

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Capturing Behavior in Small Doses: A Review of Comparative Research in Evaluating Thin Slices for Behavioral Measurement

Cited by 15 publications

References 104 publications

Place‐Based Developmental Research: Conceptual and Methodological Advances in Studying Youth Development in Context

Place‐Based Developmental Research: Conceptual and Methodological Advances in Studying Youth Development in Context

Nonverbal Synchrony in Technology-Mediated Interviews: A Cross-Cultural Study

Faster responders are perceived as more extraverted.

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