Capturing dual behavior of the parallel coercivity in FeNi/Cu nanowire arrays by fine-tuning of segment thicknesses

Abbas, Mohammed H.; Ramazani, A.; Montazer, A.H.; Kashi, M. Almasi

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153992

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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Section: Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…From XRF spectra (not shown here), we found that, irrespective of L FeNi , the chemical composition of FeNi layers was almost constant to Fe 45 Ni 55 . This unchangeable composition of the FeNi layers has already been reported in FeNi alloy and FeNi/Cu multilayer nanowire arrays with variable L and D[34,35].Figure2shows XRD patterns of FeNi/Cu multilayer nanowire arrays with L FeNi ranging from 26 to 227 nm. As expected, due to the ultra-thin thickness of the Cu layer, the crystal structure of the multilayer nanowires is dominated by the FeNi structure, in which face-centered cubic ( fcc) FeNi (111), FeNi(200) and FeNi(220), and body-centered cubic (bcc) FeNi(110) planes appear at 2θ ≈ 44.45°, 50.75°and 74.6°, and 45.14°, respectively[3].…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

“…especially for θ > 67.5° [47,48]. Note also that, as described in our previous work [35], when the Cu layer thickness is low (<6 nm), the FeNi multilayered nanowires act as integrated (single component) nanowires due to the high coupling between the layers induced by the strong magnetostatic interactions. Therefore, the easy magnetization axis is along the nanowire axis in all the cases.…”

Section: Angular Hysteresis Curves and Forc Diagramssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Magnetization reversal properties and magnetostatic interactions of disk to rod-shaped FeNi layers separated by ultra-thin Cu layers

Abbas¹,

Ramazani²,

Montazer³

et al. 2022

Nanotechnology

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From fast magnetic memories with low-power consumption to recording media with high densities, realizing the magnetization reversal and interaction of magnetic layers would allow for manipulating the ultimate properties. Here, we use a pulsed electrochemical deposition technique in porous alumina templates (50 nm in pore diameter) to fabricate arrays of nanowires, consisting of FeNi layers (26−227 nm in thickness) with disk to rod-shaped morphologies separated by ultra-thin (3 nm) Cu layers. By acquiring hysteresis curves and first-order reversal curves (FORCs) of the multilayer nanowire arrays, we comprehensively investigate magnetization reversal properties and magnetostatic interactions of the layers at different field angles (0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°). These involve the extraction of several parameters, including hysteresis curve coercivity (H c Hyst ), FORC coercivity (H c FORC ), interaction field distribution width (ΔH u ), and irreversible fraction of magnetization (IF m ) as a function of θ. We find relatively constant and continuously decreasing trends of H c Hyst when 0° ≤ θ ≤ 45°, and 45° < θ ≤ 90°, respectively. Meanwhile, angular dependence of H c FORC and IF m shows continuously increasing and decreasing trends, irrespective of the FeNi layer morphology. Our FORC results indicate the magnetization reversal properties of the FeNi/Cu nanowires are accompanied with vortex domain wall and single vortex modes, especially at high field angles. The rod-shaped layers also induce maximum ΔH u during the reversal process, owing to enhancements in both magnetizing and demagnetizing-type magnetostatic interactions.

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Section: Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 78%

supporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Angular Hysteresis Curves and Forc Diagramssupporting

confidence: 61%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Magnetization reversal properties and magnetostatic interactions of disk to rod-shaped FeNi layers separated by ultra-thin Cu layers

Abbas¹,

Ramazani²,

Montazer³

et al. 2022

Nanotechnology

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“…High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, FEI TEC9G20) was also used to study crystalline properties of individual NWs. In this respect, the NW sample was immersed in 2 M NaOH solution at room temperature for 1 h in order to release the NWs from the template completely [46].…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current density-induced emergence of soft and hard magnetic phases in Fe nanowire arrays

Noori¹,

Kashi²,

Montazer³

2022

Nanotechnology

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The capability of generating magnetically soft and hard phases in a material is important in many aspects, ranging from basic science to applications. Here, the emergence of soft and hard magnetic phases is reported in Fe nanowire (NW) arrays with a diameter of 35 nm fabricated by using a pulsed electrochemical deposition method in porous aluminum oxide templates under different current density (Cd) values in the range of 25‒100 mA/cm2. The variation of Cd influences the grain size, crystallinity, electrodeposition efficiency and length of the Fe NWs, as characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Increasing Cd from 25 to 80 mA/cm2 results in a significant decrease in coercivity and squareness from 1590 to 900 Oe and 0.9 to 0.5, respectively, inducing the soft and hard phases along the length of Fe NWs. Further increasing the Cd leads to the separation of the phases, as evidenced by first-order reversal curve analysis. From a theoretical aspect, the emergence of the soft phase may lead to the occurrence of the fanning reversal mode in the NWs, for which there is no precedent in previous experimental investigations.

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“…Spin-transfer torque (STT) has been utilized as an effective tool in fundamental studies [1,2] as well as advanced technologies [2][3][4][5][6] to quickly change the magnetization in nanoscopic magnetic systems [2,5,7]. Among manifold material synthesis strategies, high-aspect-ratio multilayered nanowire arrays based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-assisted electrodeposition has attracted wide interest because of its low cost as well as high flexibility on tailoring the magnetic properties of magnetic systems and thus STT effects [8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, it enables a larger number of free layers, whose magnetization can be flipped by STT [10] in one nanowire [9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

Fu,

Hartmann,

Braun

et al. 2024

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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We present a novel method combining anodic aluminum oxide template synthesis and nanolithography to selectively deposit vertically patterned magnetic nanowires on a Si substrate. With this approach we fabricated three-dimensional nanowire-based spin valve devices without the need of complex etching processes or additional spacer coating. Through this method, we successfully obtained NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays with a controlled sequence along the long axis of the nanowires. Both magnetic switching and excitation phenomena driven by spin-polarized currents were clearly demonstrated in our NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires. Moreover, the critical currents for switching and excitation were observed to be modulated in an oscillatory manner by the magnetic field in the nanowire-based devices. We present a toy model to qualitatively explain these observations.

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Capturing dual behavior of the parallel coercivity in FeNi/Cu nanowire arrays by fine-tuning of segment thicknesses

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Magnetization reversal properties and magnetostatic interactions of disk to rod-shaped FeNi layers separated by ultra-thin Cu layers

Magnetization reversal properties and magnetostatic interactions of disk to rod-shaped FeNi layers separated by ultra-thin Cu layers

Current density-induced emergence of soft and hard magnetic phases in Fe nanowire arrays

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

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