Capturing tabanids by traps: Development history, visual and olfactory attractants and future of tabanid trap

Abstract

Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) is one of the most serious pest insect group against both humans and livestock. Tabanids' effects to livestock are transmission of some serious diseases such as bovine leukemia, surra and equine infectious anemia, irritation breeding daily gain and milk secretion loss. Tabanids also transmit Loa loa (Cobbold) to humans. Source control by chemical and mechanical methods has no effect due to the larvae of tabanids living under the soil sparsely. At the present, only trapping of adults is effective for controlling tabanids. Traps for capturing tabanids have been developed in two different ways. Some tabanid traps are diverted from tsetse fly traps in Africa such as Nzi trap, and others are developed for exclusive use in North America, Europe and Japan. The early traps attracted tabanids by their shapes and the visual and olfactory factors as attractant were added to the later traps to capture more flies. I reviewed the history of development on traps for capturing tabanids, visual and olfactory attractants for capturing tabanids and next generations of traps for capturing tabanids in this paper.

<i>Tabanus iyoensis</i> (Diptera: Tabanidae) avoid white and pattern like zebra stripe traps in comparison with black one on the field studies

“…us, so many studies on the control of this y have been conducted and proposed many methods by many scientists (e.g. Anderson, 1985;Sasaki, 2016). Among those methods, reduction of the number of ies that attacking to human being and domestic animal by trapping is one of the valuable one.…”

“…M M e survey was performed at the riverside of Momose River (36°29′N, 137°03′E) in Toga, Nanto city, Toyama Prefecture during from August 4 to 6 in 2019. In this survey, three Nzi traps (Mihok, 2002;Sasaki, 2016): black, white and zebra stripe patterned were used together with 1-okten-3-ol (Octenol) kept in a plastic bag soused 3 mL in a piece of cotton and released through originally poured micro ne holes of the bag as a subsequent chemical attractant. e fabric used as the Zebra stripe pattern is Black and White Zebra Stripe, Sevenberry (Sojitz Fashion Co. Ltd. Tokyo).…”