This chapter examines the role that governance plays in shaping fishing livelihoods. This includes formal government regulation as well as other factors that shape fishing, such as markets, buyer requirements and social norms. Institutional arrangements serve as a key component of fishing livelihoods, by prescribing the conditions under which fishing livelihoods operate. In this chapter we sketch out some of the trends in fisheries governance across parts of the Asia-Pacific, before discussing examples in Australia and Indonesia.