Capturing Value of Reliability through Road Pricing in Congested Traffic under Uncertainty

Dynamic road pricing for optimal traffic flow management by using non‐linear model predictive control

“…The control input vector is composed of the binary control variable u i k as defined by (9) and (10), which is dependent on the utility function μ i k , and μ i k influenced by road toll c i k…”

“…• To ensure binary control input u i k ∈ 0, 1 , one should apply (10). However, it is not a continuous formula; thus, cannot be directly applied for the NMPC solver.…”

“…Road pricing has been recognised as an efficient approach to traffic demand management and control [8], which can be introduced incrementally, according to need, with the feasible aim of reducing traffic congestion and keep it on an acceptable level [9]. Study of [10] proposed to use road pricing as a tool to capture the value of travel time savings in order to induce better road usage patterns. By using road pricing as a tool to spread out the peak demand, it could improve the utility of travellers.…”

The Influence of Mixed Traffic on Congestion Level and Marginal Road Congestions

“…The idea of MC has been broadly utilized in the transportation economy, particularly with regards to traffic congestion costs. These past investigations have noteworthy contributions for examining road congestion costs by referring to MC [9,10]. Nonetheless, the greater part of these investigations is based on homogeneous traffic streams that are dominated by light vehicles.…”

“…Nonetheless, the greater part of these investigations is based on homogeneous traffic streams that are dominated by light vehicles. There have been few examinations, however, concentrating on the use of traffic congestion costs under mixed traffic conditions in which the influence of different types of vehicles on traffic congestions is unique [10,11].…”