Car industry: Charging up the future

Tollefson, Jeff

doi:10.1038/456436a

Cited by 271 publications

(193 citation statements)

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“…Although the advantages and disadvantages of battery and hydrogen fuel cell technologies have been identified and discussed elsewhere (IEA 2004;King 2007;Bandivadekar, Bodek et al 2008;Bandivadekar, Cheah et al 2008;IEA 2008;King 2008;Tollefson 2008;McKinsey 2010) there is inadequate awareness of the strong synergies between them in road vehicle applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic and behavioural analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system in the UK

et al. 2011

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This is a pre-print version of: Offer, G.J., et al., Techno-economic and behavioural analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system in the UK. Energy Policy (2011Policy ( ), doi:10.1016Policy ( /j.enpol.2011 AbstractThis paper conducts a techno-economic study on hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hydrogen fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV) in the UK using cost predictions for 2030. The study includes an analysis of data on distance currently travelled by private car users daily in the UK. Results show that there may be diminishing economic returns for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) with battery sizes above 20 kWh, and the optimum size for a PHEV battery is between 5-15 kWh. Differences in behaviour as a function of vehicle size are demonstrated, which decreases the percentage of miles that can be economically driven using electricity for a larger vehicle. Decreasing carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by 80% favours larger optimum battery sizes as long as carbon is priced, and will reduce emissions considerably. However, the model does not take into account reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from hydrogen generation, assuming hydrogen will still be produced from steam reforming methane in 2030.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic and behavioural analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system in the UK

et al. 2011

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“…Although the advantages and disadvantages of battery and hydrogen fuel cell technologies have all been identified and discussed elsewhere (IEA, 2004(IEA, , 2008King, 2007King, , 2008Tollefson, 2008) there is limited awareness of the strong synergies between them in road vehicle applications. Despite limited analysis comparing fuel cell and combustion engine range extenders for electric vehicles (Burke, 2007), BEVs and FCEVs are still largely seen as mutually exclusive future options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For BEVs technical barriers are mostly associated with battery technology (Tollefson, 2008). A significant challenge is the relatively low energy density of batteries, which means that, for a reasonable range, they have to be large, heavy and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system

et al. 2010

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This is a pre-print version of: Offer, G.J., et al., Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system. Energy Policy (2009Policy ( ), doi:10.1016Policy ( /j.enpol.2009 AbstractThis paper compares battery electric vehicles (BEV) to hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) and hydrogen fuel cell plug-in hybrid vehicles (FCHEV). Qualitative comparisons of technologies and infrastructural requirements, and quantitative comparisons of the lifecycle cost of the powertrain over 100,000 miles are undertaken, accounting for capital and fuel costs. A common vehicle platform is assumed. The 2030 scenario is discussed and compared to a conventional gasoline-fuelled internal combustion engine (ICE) powertrain. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis shows that in 2030 FCEVs could achieve lifecycle cost parity with conventional gasoline vehicles. However, both the BEV and FCHEV have significantly lower lifecycle costs. In the 2030 scenario, powertrain lifecycle costs of FCEVs range from $7,360 to $22,580, whereas those for BEVs range from $6,460 to $11,420 and FCHEVs, from $4,310 to $12,540. All vehicle platforms exhibit significant cost sensitivity to powertrain capital cost. The BEV and FCHEV are relatively insensitive to electricity costs but the FCHEV and FCV are sensitive to hydrogen cost. The BEV and FCHEV are reasonably similar in lifecycle cost and one may offer an advantage over the other depending on driving patterns. A key conclusion is that the best path for future development of FCEVs is the FCHEV.

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“…The rapid increase in demand for mobile electronics and emerging electric transportation applications requires cost-effective energy storage systems with improved energy and power capacities. [1][2][3] Conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are important for smaller electronics devices because of the high energy density (typically 150-200 W h kg…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Thin Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for Pseudocapacitive Sodium‐Ion Storage

et al. 2014

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Ultra‐thin hollow carbon nanospheres (UTH‐CNs) are fabricated for use as anodes of asymmetric sodium ion pseudocapacitors. The ∼3 nm thick amorphous carbon walls obtained from regenerated silk proteins as a template exhibit a well‐defined porous structure suitable for reversible sodium‐ion storage. The UTH‐CNs show remarkable electrochemical activity with sodium via a pseudocapacitive reaction, delivering a large reversible capacity as well as superior rate performance for more than 1000 cycles. The pseudocapacitors based on UTH‐CNs exhibit a capacitance of 186 F g−1, a specific energy of 43 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 10 kW kg−1. This represents the highest value yet reported for asymmetric sodium‐ion storage pseudocapacitors.

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Car industry: Charging up the future

Cited by 271 publications

References 0 publications

Techno-economic and behavioural analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system in the UK

Techno-economic and behavioural analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system in the UK

Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system

Ultra‐Thin Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for Pseudocapacitive Sodium‐Ion Storage

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