Carabid Damage to Weed Seeds Found in Indiana Cornfields
1

Lund, Rea Dorette; Turpin, F. T.

doi:10.1093/ee/6.5.695

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…appear to prefer soybeans \vith grasses. which is consistent with findings that certain species of !farpa/us readily eat foxtail seeds in laboratory tests (Lund and Turpin 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Weeds on the Diversity and Abundance of Insects in Soybeans1

Shelton

Edwards

1983

Environmental Entomology

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Sweep-nel sampling and pilfalllrapping were used 10 survey insects in weedy and weedfree soybean habitals. Weedy soybean habitats consisted of (I) grassy soybeans; (2) soybeans with broad leaf weeds; and (3) soybeans with broadleaf weeds and grasses. Insect species diversity was greater in weedy soybean habitats than in weed-free soybeans. Greatest diversity of species occurred in Ihe mixed-weed soybean habitat. The most imponant phytophagous insect on soybeans in Indiana, the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachlla varivestis Mulsant, was mOSI abundanl in weed-free soybeans. Predators were mosl ahundanl in weedy soybeans. Coit'omeKilla marl/lata (DeGeer) was mllsl abundant in weedy soybean habitats, whereas Orius insidiosus (Say) and Nabis spp. were most abundant in soybean habitats with grasses and mixed weeds. In the pitfall trapping study, Harpalus spp. were more abundant in soybean habitats with grasses and mixed broad leaf and grass weeds. I 1 IAnnual weeds arc often a major component of soybean fields, yet little is known of insect-weed interactions in soybeans. Several studies indicated that weeds increase the diversity and abundance of insects in soybeans. Balduf (1923) surveyed thc in~cct fauna of soybeans and surrounding vegetation in Ohio. He reported that most of the 209 species collected were associated with weeds. In Minnesota, Kretzschmar (1948) reported that weedy soybeans had a larger and more diverse insect fauna than weed-free soybeans. In Arkansas, Tugwell et al. (1973) made sweep-net collections in soybeans and a weed host, Desmodium sp., growing adjacent to the soybeans. Of 133 species collected from Desmodium sp., 93 were also collected on soybeans.Although plant species diversity is generally associated with a diverse insect fauna, monocultures sometimes support a greater herbivore load than diverse plantings. Pimental (1961) and Smith (1976) found that colonizing aphids were more attracted to weed-free brussels sprouts, Brassica oleracea L., than sprouts grown with weeds. Tahvanainen and Root (1972) suggested that diverse vegetational communities exude so many different chemicals that herbivores may be confused and consequently seek simpler floral systems.This study was conducted to determine how annual weeds affect the diversity and abundance of insects in soybeans. Materials and MethodsResearch was conducted in southern Indiana during the summers of 1978 and 1979. The study area was a 5.7-ha field which had been in continuous soybeans for several years. The field was divided into 12 plots (30.5 by 30.5 m), with each of the four treatments (weed-free, broadleaf weeds, grass weeds, and mixed weeds) rep-' licated three times in a randomized complete block design.TrifJuralin (1.75 liters/ha) was applied preplant to broadlcaf-weed plots to control grasses, and metribuzin (0.83 kg/ha) was applied preplant to grass-weed plots to control broadleaf weeds. Weed-free plots and border areas were kept virtually weed free by preplant application of metribuzin and trifJuralin at the rate above, ...

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“…appear to prefer soybeans \vith grasses. which is consistent with findings that certain species of !farpa/us readily eat foxtail seeds in laboratory tests (Lund and Turpin 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Weeds on the Diversity and Abundance of Insects in Soybeans1

Shelton

Edwards

1983

Environmental Entomology

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“…De esta lista surge que el hábito alimentario fitófago está concentrado en los miembros de la tribu Harpalini, y en algunos géneros de otras tribus (Amara y Pterostichus). Cuando se alimentan de semillas son capaces de consumir selectivamente semillas de determinadas especies de malezas (Lund & Turpin, 1977;Brust & House, 1988;Brust, 1994). En Estados Unidos, Harpalus pensylvanicus De Geer, un harpalini frecuente en cultivos de maíz, soja y alfalfa, es omnívoro en sus hábitos alimentarios, consumiendo tanto semillas de malezas como insectos muertos y vivos (Best & Beegle, 1977a;Best & Beegle, 1977b;Lund & Turpin, 1977;Barney & Pass, 1986).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

“…Dentro de la fauna de predadores que habitan en el suelo en agroecosistemas, los carábidos son importantes agentes de control natural al predar sobre plagas insectiles (Best & Beegle, 1977a;Barney & Pass, 1986) y al alimentarse de plantas no deseadas, particularmente semillas de malezas (Best & Beegle, 1977b;Lund & Turpin, 1977;Barney & Pass, 1986;Brust & House, 1988;Cardina et al, 1996). Se conocen numerosos carábidos que consumen material vegetal en diferentes proporciones (Johnson & Cameron, 1969;Hengeveld, 1980).…”

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Evaluación del consumo de semillas de malezas por Notiobia (Anisotarsus) cupripennis (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Lietti¹,

Montero²,

Faccini³

et al. 2000

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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RESUMEN -En este trabajo se estimó la preferencia alimentaria de Notiobia cupripennis por semillas de ocho especies de malezas primavero-estivales (Pr-Es) y de seis especies otoño-invernales (Ot-In) más comunes en los agroecosistemas del Sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Las semillas de las especies de cada grupo fueron ofrecidas en conjunto y de a pares a adultos confinados individualmente. La relación (semillas dañadas/semillas disponibles) x 100 de cada especie fue considerada como índice de preferencia alimentaria. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante análisis de la variancia y test de rangos múltiples de Duncan y mediante un test de diferencia de medias, previa transformación arcoseno de los datos. Las semillas de las especies Ot-In fueron más dañadas (27,65%) que las Pr-Es (10,40%). Se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas en el porcentaje de semillas dañadas entre las diferentes especies; las dicotiledóneas fueron más preferidas que las gramíneas. El orden de preferencia alimentaria se mantuvo cuando los insectos fueron obligados a elegir entre semillas de dos especies de malezas. La preferencia alimentaria se atribuiría a diferencias en el tamaño, la consistencia del tegumento y la composición química de las semillas en relación con la habilidad de manipulación de las mismas y los requerimientos nutricionales del insecto.Términos para índice: predación de semillas, preferencia alimentaria, carábidos, agroecosistemas, Amaranthus quitensis. CONSUMPTION EVALUATION OF WEED SEEDS BY NOTIOBIA (ANISOTARSUS) CUPRIPENNIS (GERM.) (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)ABSTRACT -The food preference of Notiobia cupripennis among seeds of eight weedy spring-summer species (Sp-Su) and six autumn-winter (Av-Wi) species more common in the agroecosystems of the South of Santa Fe Province, Argentina, was estimated in this study. The seeds of the species of each group were offered simultaneously and in pairs to adults individually placed. The relation (damaged seeds/available seeds) x 100 of each species was considered as a food preference index. The data were analysed by analysis of variance and Duncans Multiple Range Test and by a paired difference test, previous arcsine-square-root transformation. The seeds of the Av-Wi species were more damaged (27.65%) than the Sp-Su ones (10.40%). Highly significative differences in the percentage of damaged seeds among the different species were found; dicotyledones were preferred over gramines. The food preference ranking was maintained when the insects were forced to choose between the seeds of two weed species. The food preference would be attributed to differences in seed size, tegument toughness and chemical composition of the seeds in relation to the ability of handling the seeds and the nutritional requirements of the insect.

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“…Some omnivorous species consume plant materials as well as insects (Balduf 1935;Lund and Turpin 1977a;Larochelle 1990, Cromar et al 1999; most of these species belong to the genera Amara Bonelli and Harpalus Latreille (Cornic 1973). While adults and larvae of species of these genera often feed on seeds and pollen (Alcock 1976;Best and Beegle 1977;Lund and Turpin 1977b), damage is usually economically insignificant (Thiele 1977). Under stress conditions such as during a drought, ground beetles will feed on fleshy fruits for moisture (Thiele 1977).…”

Section: Significance Of Ground Beetles In Agricultural Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Canadian agricultural soils

Goulet¹

2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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In Canada, ground beetles (Carabidae) are abundant and diverse in agricultural ecosystems. Adults of all species are well characterized, but only 10% are known in the immature stages. In a typical agricultural site, one could find 40 to 60 species. While the ground beetle species composition consists mainly of native species in agriculture sites in the Prairie regions, a mixture of local and accidentally introduced species is the norm elsewhere. Although the diversity of introduced European species is not as great as that of native of ground beetles, the absolute number of European species may dominate an agricultural site. The basic biology and habitat requirements of almost all species occurring in agricultural habitats are known. Each species of beetle has special requirements based on soil type, moisture, pH, and light exposure. They are excellent indicators of habitat modification and of the quality of the environment. Although, most species of ground beetles are predators or scavengers, some are seed feeders. Because of their positive contribution to agricultural ecosystems, maintaining and developing their diversity by providing refuge habitats is recommended. Cropping sequence and type of crop influence ground beetle populations. More important, pesticides of all kinds reduce to various degrees the number of species and specimens. Female fecundity is a most sensitive test of sublethal pesticide effects on groun d beetles and should be considered in future studies of non-target insects. Key words: Ground beetles, carabidae, diversity, ground beetles and agriculture, ground beetles and pesticides, ground beetle extirpation

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Carabid Damage to Weed Seeds Found in Indiana Cornfields 1

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Weeds on the Diversity and Abundance of Insects in Soybeans1

Effects of Weeds on the Diversity and Abundance of Insects in Soybeans1

Evaluación del consumo de semillas de malezas por Notiobia (Anisotarsus) cupripennis (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Biodiversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Canadian agricultural soils

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