Seye et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2018 Effet d'un dispositif biomécanique sur la récupération de sols salés et la culture du riz dans le bassin fluvio-marin du Sine-Saloum à Ndoff (Sénégal). Seye et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2018 Effet d'un dispositif biomécanique sur la récupération de sols salés et la culture du riz dans le bassin fluvio-marin du Sine-Saloum à Ndoff (Sénégal).
13163ABSTRACT Objective: The main factors of chemical soil degradation in Senegal is salinization (Sadio 1991). The saline lands of the Sine Saloum area are constantly increasing and represent about 33% of the land surface, according to Chauvin (2013). To address this constraint, the present study exposes the effects of biomechanical design on saline soils and rice cultivation in the Sine-Saloum fluviomarine basin. Methodology and results: The experimental design is a split plot with the species factor of small bunds fixation with three variants (main factor) and the variety factor with three variants (secondary factor). The three rice varieties used are: Diayi (local variety), the War 77 and Rock5 (new varieties). The three plant species for fixing the bunds are: Gossypium hirsutum L. (GH), Andropogon gayanus. Kunt (AG) and Vetiveria zizanioides L. (VZ). The number of repetitions is 3. The results of the experimental site soil characterization revealed that the ground on which the test was conducted is a mineral, salty, acid, sulfated hydro-morph soil, on sandy alluvial-colluvial material. A significant decrease in the electrical conductivity (EC) and an increase in pH show that the established biomechanical device has greatly improved the physical and chemical soil characteristics. Local rice variety (Diayi) in the presence of a plantation of G. hirsutum L. (GH) on the bunds, received the largest average for the total number of productive suckers, the number of plants with ears and the length of the ears. The grain yield of the first season was zero because of a rainfall deficit but that of the biomass was encouraging (10, 96 t.ha-1) Thus, soil biomechanical design, accompanied by a good organo-mineral fertilizers and good agricultural practices is an effective method for the reclamation and valorization of saline lands. However, this experience deserves to be experienced with other short cycle improved rice varieties.