Características clínico-epidemiológicas no carcinoma espinocelular de boca e orofaringe

Abstract

Clinic and epidemiologic characteristics in the with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and oropharynxResumo / Summary O câncer de boca e orofaringe é de comportamento agressivo e, no Brasil, a incidência é considerada uma das mais altas do mundo, sendo o mais comum da região de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos dos pacientes e a evolução da doença. Costa. This was analyzed with emphasis on age, gender, profession, ethnic aspects, tobacco and alcohol use, dental prosthesis, referement origin, site of the lesion, clinical staging, histologic grade, treatment methods, survival and second cancer presence in the study group. The data were analysed by Exact Test of Fischer. Results: In the oral cavity cancer patients, a male female ratio of 3.35:1 was observed, the median age was 62 years (ranging 46 to 91 years), 90.7% were Caucasian, 81% were referred from medical professionals, tobacco use was identified in 76.8%, alcohol intake in 74%, 79% were not dental prosthesis users, tongue was the commonest site identified (51.1%), 53% were staged as III and IV clinical stages, 72.1% were moderately differentiated SCC, combined modality of treatment (surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy) was employed in 47% and 9.3% presented a second primary tumor. For the oropharynx, the male female ratio was 11.5:1, the median age was 58 years (ranging 40 to 81 years), 92% were Caucasian, 92% were referred from medical professionals, exposure to tobacco and alcohol was respectively noted in 84% and 80%, 52% did not use dental prosthesis, the tonsils were the commonest site (76%), 96% were staged as III and IV, 84% had moderately differentiated SCC, 75% underwent combined treatment (surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy) and 8% presented a second tumor elsewhere. There was not significant relationship between the clinical staging and tobacco, alcohol and dental prosthesis exposure. These factors, the age and the histologic grade had no relationship with the tumor site. For the oral cavity, 69,7% were alive with no evidence of disease and for the oropharynx, 22% were under this condition. Conclusion: The professional who performs the first evaluation is important in recognizing the lesions in order to achieve early detection.Palavras-chave: carcinoma espinocelular, câncer bucal, boca, orofaringe, epidemiologia.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da mortalidade por câncer de boca: conhecendo os riscos para possibilitar a detecção precoce das alterações na comunicação

“…Analyzing data related to death rates according to age group, there was no statistically significant difference between the age intervals (p = 0,2), as found in another similar study 26 . All deaths happened on individuals older than 40 years, with a prevalence ratio of 2,78 (p < 0,001) times higher among individuals who are 60 years or older, a finding also seen in other studies that highlight the occurrence of cases on individuals older than 50 years 18,22,[26][27][28] . There are molecular reasons, related to the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and proliferation of the tumor cell, associated to the decline of the immune system that favor the higher risk of cancer in individuals older than 60 years.…”

“…In relation to the variable gender, it was seen that, throughout the studied period, there were more death on males (74,71%), presenting a prevalence ratio of death by mouth cancer of 3,43 (p < 0,001) times higher on men in relation to women, a factor that could be related to the lifestyle of this group, with habits such as smoking and drinking, that when combined can enhance the risk. However, studies have pointed towards growth on the prevalence of such tumors on females, particularly because of changes on the female behavior in the last decades 18 . The death ratio by gender for this study was 3:1, similar to other studies that depict higher proportion of death by mouth cancer among males 7,[17][18][19]22,[25][26][27][28][29] .…”

“…However, studies have pointed towards growth on the prevalence of such tumors on females, particularly because of changes on the female behavior in the last decades 18 . The death ratio by gender for this study was 3:1, similar to other studies that depict higher proportion of death by mouth cancer among males 7,[17][18][19]22,[25][26][27][28][29] . Analyzing data related to death rates according to age group, there was no statistically significant difference between the age intervals (p = 0,2), as found in another similar study 26 .…”

“…As exposure variables, there are: male 7,[17][18][19][20][21][22] , older than 40 years 7,17,[20][21][22][23] , white 17,21,22 , up to seven years of study 7 , physical workers 22,23 , married 23,24 , tongue as most frequent site 7,20,22 . For the stratification of the population, according to such categories, we used data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), provided by the aggregated databank from the IBGE System of Automatic Recovery (Sidra) 24 .…”

Cânceres da boca e faringe em crianças e adolescentes Brasileiros: um estudo descritivo

“…Os cânceres da boca e faringe configuram um problema de saúde pública, o que é verificado em estudos internacionais (8) e do Brasil (8,9) . As tendências de sobrevida para esses cânceres mostraram poucas alterações durante as últimas décadas no mundo (10) , principalmente pelo diagnóstico em estágio avançado da doença e pelas dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de diagnóstico precoce e tratamento, em algumas regiões (11) .…”