Características vegetativas na fase juvenil de híbridos interespecíficos de caiaué com dendezeiro

Abstract

PALAVRAS-CHAVE Elaeis guineenses Elaeis oleífera Palma de óleo REML/BLUP KEYWORDS Elaeis guineenses Elaeis oleíferaOil palm REML/BLUP RESUMO: Híbridos interespecífi cos entre o caiaué e o dendezeiro (HIE OxG) são resistentes ao amarelecimento fatal (AF), principal problema fi tossanitário da dendeicultura. Embora já existam cultivares de HIE OxG recomendadas para o plantio, o melhoramento genético desse tipo de material ainda está em fase inicial, de modo que existe a possibilidade de altos ganhos com seleção. Neste estudo, foram avaliadas características vegetativas na fase juvenil de 42 progênies de HIE OxG em área de incidência do AF. As progênies foram obtidas a partir de cruzamentos de genitores de caiaué das origens Manicoré, Manicoré x São Bartolomeu e Coari e dendezeiro do tipo pisífera da origem La Mé. Três experimentos com 16 progênies, sendo três comuns aos três experimentos, foram estabelecidos no delineamento blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e 12 plantas por parcela. As avaliações foram realizadas dos 42 aos 79 meses de idade, com periodicidade de 6 a 16 meses. Para todas as características, foi observada baixa variabilidade genética, com valores de coefi ciente de variação genético entre 1,5 e 5,2%. As herdabilidades foram baixas (0,03 a 0,199), com exceção da emissão foliar que foi moderada (0,215). A seleção das cinco melhores progênies, segundo RML/BLUP, promoveria redução de 7,4% na altura da planta, 4,5% no comprimento da ráquis, 5,6% no comprimento da folha, 4,9% no comprimento do folíolo, 5,6% no número de folíolos e ganho de 7,1% na emissão foliar. Os resultados indicam baixa expectativa de ganhos com seleção para características vegetativas nas progênies estudadas. ABSCTRACT: Interspecifi c hybrids between caiaué and oil palm (HIE

Selection gains for the palm oil production from progenies of American oil palm with oil palm

“…In the same sense, the CVg/CVe relation also indicated that the genetic variance exceeded the environmental one. Similar results for HIE OxG evaluated for PROD_FFB were observed (Lopes et al, 2012;Gomes Jr et al, 2014;Gomes Junior et al, 2015, and for OCB by Freitas et al (2021).…”

“…The interspecific hybridization between American oil palm and oil palm (ISH OxG) has been exploited mainly for the resistance of the American species and F1 hybrids to bud rot, a disorder of undefined etiology that has extinguished thousands of hectares of oil palm plantations in Latin America, including Brazil. The HIE OxG hybrid also shows less vertical growth of the stem (Gomes Junior et al, 2015), besides resistance to other pests and diseases, and a more unsaturated oil than the palm oil (Cunha et al, 2012). In South America, Brazil and Colombia conduct the principal genetic improvement programs using the interspecific hybridization between American oil palm and oil palm (Rey B. et al, 2004;Bastidas et al, 2007;Cunha et al, 2012).…”

“…'BRS Manicoré' was obtained by combining the populations of 'Manicoré'-originated American oil palm and 'La Mé'-originated oil palms, in which there is still a high genetic variability to be explored. This fact allows of the prediction of high genetic gains with the continuity of interspecific improvement between these populations, including the obtention of more productive interspecific cultivars than the teneras of African oil palms (Lopes et al, 2012;Gomes Jr et al, 2014;Gomes Junior et al, 2015, 2019. The selection provided gains from distinct oil palm populations (Bakoumé & Louise, 2007;Bakoumé et al, 2010;Noh et al, 2012) and should also be effective for breeding of HIE OxG hybrids.…”

“…The parameters of genetic variance and genetic gains for bunch production, vegetative characters and components of bunch have already been estimated from interspecific progenies obtained from populations between 'Manicoré'-originated American oil palm and 'La Mé"-originated oil palm (Gomes Jr. et al, 2014;Gomes Junior et al, 2015, 2019Freitas et al, 2021). However, the principal economic product of oil palm plantation is the palm oil, so estimates of genetic gain for oil productivity are important for the continuity of interspecific genetic improvement using these populations.…”