Caracterização bioclimática de sistemas ao ar livre e confinado para a criação de matrizes suínas gestantes

Abstract

R ESU M OO confinamento de matrizes suínas foi criado com o intuito de maximizar a produtividade; entretanto, existem problemas relacionados ao bem-estar animal. Objetivou-se avaliar a criação de matrizes suínas gestantes no sistema de confinamento e ao ar livre, com relação ao ambiente térmico e às respostas fisiológicas. O experimento foi realizado em Monte Mor/SP. A avaliação fisiológica foi realizada por meio do registro das variáveis: frequência respiratória e temperatura de pele. Foram registradas as variáveis meteorológicas: temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo úmido e temperatura de globo negro, caracterizando o ambiente por meio da entalpia e índice de temperatura de globo e umidade. Foram utilizados seis animais por tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As variáveis fisiológicas e meteorológicas apresentaram valores superiores no confinamento. O sistema de criação ao ar livre potencializou as trocas térmicas entre os animais e o ambiente, o que refletiu em menor estresse por calor observado nos animais.Palavras-chave: suíno, bem-estar animal, conforto térmico, sistemas de produção Bioclimatic characterization of outdoor and confined systems for pregnant sows A B ST R A C T Pregnant sows confinement systems were created in order to maximize the productivity, however there are problems concerning the animal welfare. The aim of this research was to evaluate pregnant sows in outdoors and in confinement systems in relation to the thermal environment and physiological animal responses. The experiment was conducted in a commercial farm in Monte Mor city, São Paulo, Brazil. The physiological evaluation was performed by recording physiological variables, such as respiratory frequency and skin temperature. Furthermore, variables like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and black globe temperature were also evaluated to characterize the ambient by means of enthalpy and black globe humidity index. In each treatment six animals were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot version whose averages were compared by the Tukey test. The findings of the experiment revealed higher values for all the bioclimatic variables in the confined treatment. Hence, the outdoor system provided better thermal conditioning for pigs, resulting in a lower heat stress.

Thermal environment in growing and finishing pig facilities of different building typologies

“…In this way, all the treatments, in all the evaluated schedules, presented enthalpy values below the recommended threshold value. The results found in this study agree with those observed by Nazareno et al (2012), who, although working with matrices (animals that use the same mechanisms of thermoregulation as pigs in the growth and finishing phase) in different breeding systems (confinement and not confinement), found enthalpy values of 49.84 and 47.87 kJ kg -1 , respectively.…”

“…The enthalpy values express the amount of energy contained in a mixture of dry air and water vapor, thus influencing the thermal changes between the animal and the environment (Nazareno et al 2012). According to Moura (1999), the desired enthalpy value for the pig growth phase is 60.44 to 68.62 kJ kg dry air -1 .…”

Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

“…Piglets were more active during spring-time and cooler times of the days as compared to summer and warmer times of the day. During cooler temperatures piglets were more active and fed more intensively, whereas during warmer temperatures resting in the shade and wallowing were more frequent [48]. These authors concluded that environmental temperature and reduction in vegetative ground cover are important factors that impact behavior and productivity of pasture pigs [48].…”

Spatial and temporal distribution of enthalpy in aviary heated by industrial furnace

“…The enthalpy can be calculated in order to evaluate the thermal condition of the environment in which the animals are housed (H, ). According to Ferraz et al (2016), the H is interesting in the evaluation of thermal comfort, since it expresses the amount of energy contained in a mixture of dry air and water vapor, influencing the thermal changes between the animal and the environment (Nazareno et al, 2012). According to Rodrigues et al (2010), in case of changing relative humidity at the same dry-bulb temperature, there is a change in the energy involved in the process and hence the thermal changes are altered.…”