This article analyzes the use of plastic materials in civil construction, especially in wall sealing systems. Plastics offer easy assembly, quick execution, reduced physical effort, and recyclable and durable, thus reducing environmental impacts. The incorporation of flame-retardant treatments is necessary to meet fire safety criteria. Materials such as vermiculite, ceramic fiber, and fiberglass show heat resistance, contributing to safety in fire situations. Despite the challenges, using plastics in civil construction is promising, allowing the replacement of traditional materials and providing greater agility in construction works.