Caracterización de la distribución del tamaño de los adipocitos para el estudio del tejido adiposo en producción animal

Alfonso, L.; Aizpuru, José Antonio Mendizábal

doi:10.12706/itea.2016.010

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Adipocyte size distribution was studied with the AdipSD software [ 32 ]. This software allows to determine if the adipocyte size distribution is unimodal or bimodal using the bimodality coefficient (BC) (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and Dip [ 33 ] tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a unimodal distribution, the BC value should be 0.555 or less. Higher BC values signify a bimodal distribution of the adipocytes; however, it may also indicate a strongly skewed unimodal distribution [ 32 ]. Dip test is described as the maximum difference between the empirical distribution function, and the unimodal distribution function that minimizes that maximum difference.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adiposity and adipogenic gene expression in four different muscles in beef cattle

et al. 2017

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Anatomical site and divergent functionalities of muscles can be related to differences in IMF content, metabolism and adipogenic gene expression. Then, potential differences in different muscles in beef cattle were studied. As a second objective, the main sources of experimental variability associated to RT-qPCR results were analyzed following a nested design in order to implement appropriate experimental designs minimizing gene expression variability. To perform the study Longissimus thoracis (LT), Semitendinosus (SM), Masseter (MS), Sternomandibularis (ST) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples of Pirenaica young bulls (n = 4) were collected for IMF, collagen and protein quantification, analysis of adipocyte size distribution and gene expression (PPARG, CEBPA, FAPB4 and WNT10B). A greater IMF content was observed in MS and SM muscles, which had a bimodal adipocyte size distribution while it was unimodal in the muscles LT and ST. This suggest that the different IMF accretion in the muscles studied might be related to different rates of hyperplasia and hypertrophy and that IMF might develop later in LT and ST muscles. The former differences were not mirrored by the expression of the genes analyzed, which might be related to the different contribution of mature and non-mature adipocytes to the total gene expression. When comparing IMF and SAT gene expression, late and early developing tissues respectively, expression of PPARG, CEBPA and FABP4 was higher in the SAT, in agreement with bigger cell size and numbers. The variability study indicates that the analytical factors that add higher variability to the gene expression are the sampling and RT and therefore, it would be appropriate to include those replicates in the design of future experiments. Based on the results, the use of MS and SM muscles could allow less expensive experimental designs and bigger sample size that could permit the detection of lower relevant differences in gene expression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity and adipogenic gene expression in four different muscles in beef cattle

et al. 2017

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“…Alfonso and Mendizabal [81] proposed using the bimodality coefficient (BC) [83] and the dip statistic [84] to test the unimodal distribution of the data without having to assume any distribution underlying the bimodal distribution, though other approaches have also been described [85]. If the data prove not to be unimodal, the bimodal adipocyte size distribution can be described by estimating the two distribution modes and the proportion of adipocytes located under the inflexion point (nadir) between the two, thus enabling one population of small adipocytes to be differentiated from a second population of large ones.…”

Section: Adipocyte Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellularity Description of Adipose Depots in Domesticated Animals http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74109 and normal distributions [80]. In any case, before putting any of these approaches to use, it is advisable first to check whether distributions are bimodal [81], since even exploratory data analysis methods like histograms may be misleading [82].…”

Section: Adipocyte Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysing the data in this way allows differences between groups of animals to be described even in the presence of bimodality. Thus, differences between tissues in cattle [68] and pigs [81,85], between breeds [85] and between animals grouped by age [88] and sex [85] have been described. Describing these differences is an essential basis for subsequently studying cell multiplication and differentiation both at the genetic level and at the level of expression, the better to explain the mechanisms of adipose tissue growth and be able to act appropriately so as to modulate them with a view to improving animal production systems.…”

Section: Adipocyte Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellularity Description of Adipose Depots in Domesticated Animals

Urrutia¹,

Alfonso²,

Mendizábal³

2018

Adipose Tissue

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Cellularity of adipose tissue in domesticated animals varies not only with species, sex, age and management conditions but also with depot. Differences in depots are important in animal production because of the economic and welfare implications and in humans in relation to obesity. The final amount of fat and its composition depends on the differentiation of mesenchymal multipotent precursor cells into mature adipocytes (adipogenesis) capable of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis), both processes being regulated by different key adipogenic and lipogenic genes, some of are well known and have been described. Histologically, differences can be classified as hyperplasia (an increase in adipocyte number) and hypertrophy (an increase in adipocyte size), processes that can produce adipocyte size distributions that are not necessarily Gaussian. A detailed description of the type of adipocyte size distribution can help distinguish the different adipocyte populations within depots and characterise each not only in terms of the size but also the number of the constituting cells. This description can help better understand the development and role of the different depots. It can also help when analysing causal relationships with adipogenic drivers and lipogenic enzymes involved in lipid metabolism.

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Aerobic Exercise Modulates Visceral Adipose Tissue of Estrogen Deprived Rats in an Experimental Model of Dyslipidemia

Magalhães

Chucata

Dsouki

et al. 2023

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

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Introduction Menopausal women have an increase deposition of body fat and changes in the lipid profile, being especially susceptible to cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. However, physical activity can mitigate this situation. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. Methods We used 48 animals, divided into six groups (n = 8/per group): sedentary control (SC), sedentary ovariectomized control (SCO), trained ovariectomized control (TCO), sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-receptor knockout (KS), sedentary ovariectomized LDL-receptor knockout (KOS), and trained LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized (KOT). We analyzed the VAT through morphometric and stereological parameters in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Additionally, we evaluated biochemical parameters as glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Finally, immunohistochemical techniques for matrix remodeling, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results We observed that menopause is related to increased visceral adiposity, inflammation, oxidative stress, macrophages activity, serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. However, exercise was effective in reducing these parameters, as well as being associated with increased vascularization of VAT and interstitial volume density. Conclusions Moderate exercise is a key factor in mitigating the effects of dyslipidemia in estrogen deprivation. However, further studies are needed to corroborate with our findings.

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Caracterización de la distribución del tamaño de los adipocitos para el estudio del tejido adiposo en producción animal

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Adiposity and adipogenic gene expression in four different muscles in beef cattle

Adiposity and adipogenic gene expression in four different muscles in beef cattle

Cellularity Description of Adipose Depots in Domesticated Animals

Aerobic Exercise Modulates Visceral Adipose Tissue of Estrogen Deprived Rats in an Experimental Model of Dyslipidemia

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