Caracterización morfológica de biotipos de Phalaris minor resistentes y susceptible a herbicidas inhibidores de la ACCasa

Abstract

Autor para la correspondencia: euscanga@colpos.mx Resumen: Phalaris minor Retz. (alpistillo) es considerada como una maleza importante en el cultivo de trigo de la región del Bajío Mexicano, que ha desarrollado resistencia a herbicidas inhibidores de la Acetil Coenzima A Carboxilasa. En algunos casos se ha observado que las malezas se mimetizan con el cultivo como en algunas especies de Echinochloa con el arroz. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: (1) determinar si hay diferencias morfológicas entre los biotipos resistentes y uno susceptible de P. minor y (2) comparar la morfología en estado vegetativo de los biotipos de P. minor con la del trigo. Se realizaron experimentos en Montecillo, Estado de México, en condición de no competencia en invernadero. Los biotipos resistentes empleados fueron: C4, C7, Guanajuato, Jalisco y uno susceptible. Los cultivares de trigo empleados fueron: Cortazar y Nana. Se registraron 23 variables morfológicas en todo el ciclo biológico para la comparación entre los biotipos de alpistillo y 20 en la fase vegetativa para la comparación del trigo con los biotipos de alpistillo. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis discriminante, el cual exhibió que existen diferencias morfológicas entre los biotipos resistentes de alpistillo. Por lo anterior, es posible que la resistencia se haya desarrollado en forma independiente en los biotipos y no que la dispersión fue a partir de una población resistente inicial. Si tuvieran su origen en una sola población resistente, se esperaría que los biotipos fueran similares morfológicamente debido a su cercanía genética. El análisis discriminante también mostró una separación estadística entre los biotipos de alpistillo y los cultivares de trigo, por lo que es factible diferenciarlos visualmente en estado vegetativo. Palabras clave: caracterización morfológica, graminicidas, resistencia a herbicidas.Abstract: Phalaris minor Retz. (Little-seed Canary Grass) is considered an important weed of the wheat crop in the Mexican Bajio region, which has developed resistance to herbicides inhibitors of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. In some cases, it has been observed that weeds mimic the crop, as Echinochloa spp. with the rice. The aim of this study were: (1) to determine whether there are morphological differences between resistant and susceptible little-seed canary grass biotypes, and (2) to compare the morphology in vegetative stage of P. minor biotypes with the wheat. Experiments were performed in Montecillo, Estado de Méxi-co, under a greenhouse and in a non-competition condition. The resistant biotypes used were: C4, C7, Guanajuato, Jalisco, and one susceptible. Wheat cultivars used were: Cortazar and Nana. Twenty morphological variables were recorded in the vegetative phase for comparison with wheat and twenty-three variables throughout the little-seed canary grass life cycle for the comparison between biotypes. Data was analyzed using discriminant analysis, which showed a statistical separation between little-seed canary grass biotypes. Thus, it ...

A Review of the Current Panorama of Glyphosate Resistance among Weeds in Mexico and the Rest of the World

“…The control strategy will be adjusted to the type of growth of the weeds found on each site, evaluating the presence of broad leaves and narrow leaves and differentiating weeds from crops when there have morphological similarities, such as is the case of Avena fatua L. (Poaceae) and wheat regarding species of the Lolium and Phalaris minor genera, respectively (Malik et al, 2003). Therefore, it is important to determine the morphological characteristics that differentiate these species in their vegetative state (García et al, 2014). Presently, the resistance of weeds to herbicides has become an ecological and evolutionary phenomenon with a broad impact on agricultural production systems (Bonilla et al, 2000;Pinto et al, 2000).…”

Evolution, growth and phenology of Phalaris minor biotypes resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Mexico

“…For the biotypes present in this zone, some studies have shown differences in the early stages of plants life history, including changes in seed physiology (germination rate, dormancy and longevity) and growth for canopy competition (Torres-García et al 2015a, 2015b. In addition, empirical evidence based on morphology suggests differentiation among resistant weed populations (García-Franco et al 2014). To date, the molecular basis of herbicide resistance and the biological characteristics of P. minor populations at "El Bajio" have not been yet described.…”

Morphophysiogenetic characterization of wild poinsettia biotypes with low resistance to glyphosate

“…These traits show the importance of morphological characteristics related to response to herbicide applications. Morphological characterization of weeds is also a tool used for establishing genetic and evolutive relationships between species and biotypes (García-Franco et al, 2014). Altop & Mennan (2011) observed that herbicide selection pressure was responsible for morphological and genetic differentiation among Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.…”