Carapace surface architecture facilitates camouflage of the decorator crab Tiarinia cornigera

Sanka, Immanuel; Suyono, Eko Agus; Rivero-Müller, Adolfo; Alam, Parvez

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2016.05.021

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there have been recent successful endeavours that utilise the combined biofouling and glass secreting characteristics of diatoms beneficially in advanced engineering materials [52]. Moreover, certain decorating organisms such as crabs also benefit from diatom biofouling by building up hierarchical architectures that they use to increase the effectiveness of carapace camouflage [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mucliage can merge with bacteria or other microorganisms to form biofilms made up predominantly of muco-polysacharrides [24], which in turn leads to biofouling-related problems such as substrate corrosion [10,21], the accumulation of contaminants such as fungi or protozoans [15], and the encouragement of macrofouling [9,16,42]. The attachment characteristics of diatom EPS are vital for successful colonisation and population growth [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of diatom pore-size on the structures and extensibilities of single mucilage molecules

Sanka

Suyono

Alam

2017

Carbohydrate Research

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Diatoms secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), or mucilage, around the cell wall that may serve to aid in motility and form a discrete layer that may help maintain thicker layers of EPS that have a greater role in adhesion. Mucilage molecules adhere to the diatom frustules, which are biosilica skeletons that develop from the diatom cell walls. Here, molecular dynamics methods were used to determine the characteristics of mucilage molecules as a function of pore size; notably 1,4-α-D-galacturonic acid, 1,4-β-glucuronic acid and 1,4-β-D-mannuronic acid. These uronic acids differ from each other in structure and extensibility as a function of their folding characteristics. Here, we find that when overlain upon a pore, mucilage molecules try to return to their native folded states but are restrained by their interactions with the silica surfaces. Furthermore, the extensibility of mucilage molecules over pore spaces affects the extent of mechanical energy required to straighten them. As such, different EPS molecules will affect sliding, friction and adhesion to subsequent layers of EPS in different ways. We conclude that higher EPS extensibility is homonymous with higher adhesive or frictive resistance since the molecules will be able to strain more before they reach the most extended (and thus rigid) conformation. The research herein is applicable to modern engineering as it yields insight into the biomimetic design of molecules and surfaces for improved adhesion or motility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diatom pore-size on the structures and extensibilities of single mucilage molecules

Sanka

Suyono

Alam

2017

Carbohydrate Research

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“…-CH2 peaks at 2893 cm -1 , 2931 cm -1 and 2977 cm -1 are typical vibration frequencies arising through the presence of chitin (Cardenas et al, 2004). A small amide III shoulder peak is noticeable at 970 cm -1 , and this is a characteristic peak for chitin (Sanka et al, 2016). The peaks at 1040 cm -1 and 1070 cm -1 reveal the hexosebased carbohydrate backbone of chitin (Furuhashi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Chemical Characterisation Of the Plunger And Its Cross-sectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…FTIR spectroscopic results from the snapping shrimp plunger (Fig. 8a) reveal the presence of β-chitin through identification of the amide I peak at 1650 cm -1 as well as an amide II shoulder at 1040 cm -1 (Sanka et al, 2016). -CH2 peaks at 2893 cm -1 , 2931 cm -1 and 2977 cm -1 are typical vibration frequencies arising through the presence of chitin (Cardenas et al, 2004).…”

Section: Chemical Characterisation Of the Plunger And Its Cross-sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The snapping shrimp dactyl plunger: a thermomechanical damage-tolerant sandwich composite

Alam

Sanka

Alam³

et al. 2018

Zoology

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The dactyl plunger of Alpheus sp. was found to be a layered composite, with mineral-rich outer and inner layers and a chitin-rich middle layer of high porosity. The chitin-rich middle layer is itself composed of several porous chitin laminae. Modelling heat conduction through the plunger cross-section revealed that the chitin-rich layer is able to insulate heat and retard its progress through the material. Heat accumulates in the plunger after a series of successive snaps and as such, its thermally resistant design can be considered most useful under the conditions of successive snapping. The plunger has a concurrent mechanical damage-tolerant design with biogenic mineral layers, viscous (chitin-mineral) interfaces, energy-dissipating porous chitin, and sidewalls composed of ordered, layered aragonite. The snapping shrimp plunger has a design that may protect it and internal soft tissues from thermomechanical damage during plunger-socket compression prior to cavitation bubble release.

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“…Pilumnus sp. crabs are covered with dense hairs, which are essentially chitin setae typical of crab species from the same Heterotremata [28]. These crabs live in silt and rocky littorals, which allows them to easily occupy holes or crevices when under predatory attack [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact Behaviour of Crab Carapaces in Relation to Morphology

et al. 2020

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Brachyuran crab carapaces are protective, impact-resistant exoskeletons with elaborate material microstructures. Though several research efforts have been made to characterise the physical, material and mechanical properties of the crab carapace, there are no studies detailing how crab morphologies might influence impact resistance. The purpose of this paper is to characterise and compare Brachyuran crab carapace morphologies in relation to their impact properties, using opto-digital, experimental and numerical methods. We find that crab carapaces with both extended carapace arc-lengths and deep carapace grooves lose stiffness rapidly under cyclic impact loading, and fail in a brittle manner. Contrarily, carapaces with smaller arc lengths and shallower, more broadly distributed carapace grooves are more effective in dissipating stresses caused by impact throughout the carapace structure. This allows them to retain stiffness for longer, and influences their failure mode, which is ductile (denting), rather than brittle fracture. The findings in this paper provide new bioinspired approaches for the geometrical designs by which means material failure under cyclic impact can be controlled and manipulated.

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Carapace surface architecture facilitates camouflage of the decorator crab Tiarinia cornigera

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

The effects of diatom pore-size on the structures and extensibilities of single mucilage molecules

The effects of diatom pore-size on the structures and extensibilities of single mucilage molecules

The snapping shrimp dactyl plunger: a thermomechanical damage-tolerant sandwich composite

The Impact Behaviour of Crab Carapaces in Relation to Morphology

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