Carbamazepine Enhances Discriminative Memory in a Rat Model of Epilepsy

Bernardi, Rosane; Barros, Helena Maria Tannhauser

doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.52403.x

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, the third‐generation ASD LTG is generally better tolerated and produces fewer or less severe impairments . When examined in rodents, PHT has been shown to disrupt spatial memory, whereas CBZ's effects on memory have been mixed . Some of these discrepancies might be explained by differences in the concentrations employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiseizure drugs differentially modulate theta‐burst induced long‐term potentiation in C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2014

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Summary Objective Cognitive comorbidities are increasingly recognized as an equal (or even more disabling) aspect of epilepsy. Additionally, the actions of some antiseizure drugs (ASDs) can impact learning and memory. Accordingly, the NINDS epilepsy research benchmarks call for the implementation of standardized protocols for screening ASDs for their amelioration or exacerbation of cognitive comorbidities. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a widely used model for investigating synaptic plasticity and its relationship to learning and memory. While the effects of some ASDs on LTP have been examined, none of these studies employed physiologically relevant induction stimuli such as theta-burst stimulation (TBS). To systematically evaluate the effects of multiple ASDs in the same preparation using physiologically relevant stimulation protocols, we examined the effects of a broad panel of existing ASDs on TBS-induced LTP in area CA1 of in-vitro brain slices, prepared in either normal or sucrose-based ACSF, from C57BL/6 mice. Methods Coronal brain slices containing the dorsal hippocampus were made using either standard or sucrose-based ACSF. Recordings were obtained from four slices at a time using the Scientifica Slicemaster high throughput recording system. Slices exposed to ASDs were paired with slices from the opposite hemisphere that served as controls. Field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded, and all ASDs were applied to slices by bath perfusion for 20 minutes prior to the induction stimulus. LTP was induced by TBS or by high-frequency stimulation (HFS). The following ASDs were examined: 100 µM phenobarbital (PB), 80 µM phenytoin (PHT), 50 µM carbamazepine (CBZ), 600 µM valproate (VPA), 60 µM topiramate (TPM), 60 µM lamotrigine (LTG), 100 µM levetiracetam (LEV), 10 µM ezogabine (EZG), and 30 µM tiagabine (TGB). Results Among voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitors, CBZ significantly attenuated TBS-induced LTP, PHT attenuated both TBS-induced LTP and post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), and LTG failed to affect LTP but did attenuate PTP. ASDs that modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission, such as PB and TGB, significantly attenuated LTP in brain slices prepared in sucrose-based ACSF but not standard ACSF. Third generation ASDs, such as LEV and TPM, did not affect LTP in ACSF- or sucrose-prepared brain slices. While EZG failed to affect LTP, it did significantly attenuate PTP under both slicing conditions. VPA failed to affect LTP in area CA1, both in C57BL/6 mice and Sprague Dawley rats, using TBS or HFS. However, VPA did attenuate TBS-induced LTP in the dentate gyrus (DG).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiseizure drugs differentially modulate theta‐burst induced long‐term potentiation in C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2014

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“…An increased risk for cognitive deficits has been noted in patients with temporal lobe seizures. Moreover, many of the anticonvulsant drugs presently used for treating epilepsy cannot prevent neurodegeneration but rather contribute towards these cognitive deficits [12,13]. The available anti-epileptic drugs are not curative since they mostly treat the symptoms of the disease and render little help to alleviate its cause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased GABA receptor in the cerebral cortex of epileptic rats: effect of Bacopa monnieri and Bacoside-A

et al. 2012

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AbstactBackgroundGamma amino butyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex, maintains the inhibitory tones that counter balances neuronal excitation. When this balance is perturbed, seizures may ensue.MethodsIn the present study, alterations of the general GABA, GABAA and GABAB receptors in the cerebral cortex of the epileptic rat and the therapeutic application of Bacopa monnieri were investigated.ResultsScatchard analysis of [3H]GABA, [3H]bicuculline and [3H]baclofen in the cerebral cortex of the epileptic rat showed significant decrease in Bmax (P < 0.001) compared to control. Real Time PCR amplification of GABA receptor subunits such as GABAAά1, GABAAγ, GABAAδ, GABAB and GAD where down regulated (P < 0.001) in epileptic rats. GABAAά5 subunit and Cyclic AMP responsible element binding protein were up regulated. Confocal imaging study confirmed the decreased GABA receptors in epileptic rats. Epileptic rats have deficit in radial arm and Y maze performance.ConclusionsBacopa monnieri and Bacoside-A treatment reverses epilepsy associated changes to near control suggesting that decreased GABA receptors in the cerebral cortex have an important role in epileptic occurrence; Bacopa monnieri and Bacoside-A have therapeutic application in epilepsy management.

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“…Individualmente, estas partículas são invisíveis, mas, coletivamente, podem aparecer como nuvens ou "massa" escura suspensa no ar por longo tempo, sendo movimentada pelos ventos. O tamanho das partículas é variado e as mesmas são classificadas conforme o diâmetro aerodinâmico em grossas (MP 10 ), partículas com diâmetro entre 10 e 2,5 micra; finas (MP 2,5 ), diâmetro entre 2,5 e 0,1 micra; e, ultrafinas (MP 0,1 ), diâmetro menor do que 0,1 micra. A toxicidade do MP 2,5 e MP 0,1 está relacionada à massa, ao tamanho e à composição química, a qual caracteriza-se pela presença de metais de transição e compostos orgânicos adsorvidos na sua superfície, além de sulfatos e nitratos formados a partir da oxidação do dióxido de enxofre e dos óxidos de nitrogênio, respectivamente (Bérubé e cols., 2006;United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009;Kaiser, 2000;Schwela, 2000).…”

Section: Aspectos Gerais Sobre a Poluição Atmosféricaunclassified

“…Twenty four hours later, the rats were placed in the middle of the box, facing two identical objects arranged in the opposite side and allowed to explore them for 3 min and then returned to their cages. Forty five minutes later, the rats were reintroduced into the box for the test session where the objects had been replaced by one clean familiar object and one novel or nonfamiliar object and the animals were allowed to explore both objects for 3 min [2,5]. The two sessions were recorded in a DVD recorder.…”

Section: Spontaneous Non-matching-to-sample Recognition Test (Sort)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discrimination index was determined by the ratio between the difference of time exploring the novel and the familiar objects and the total time spent in sniffing both objects during the choice session (novel -familiar/novel + familiar). Habituation to the test environment was obtained by the difference of time sniffing both objects in the training session and in the test session [2,5].…”

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Estudo das alterações no desenvolvimento, no comportamento e na bioquímica cerebral de ratos machos adultos expostos à poluição atmosférica ambiental durante a fase intra-uterina e o período de lactação

Zanchi¹

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SUR sistema uniforme randomizado Ti titânioTNFα alfa tumoral necrosis factor (fator de necrose tumoral alfa) V vanádio Zn zincoCuZnSOD superóxido dismutase cobre-zinco Lista de figurasFigura 1: Vista da Avenida Castelo Branco em Porto Alegre.Figura 2: Representação esquemática das terminações nervosas sensoriais do epitélio nasal (seta vermelha). Figura 3:Representação esquemática do desenvolvimento inicial do sistema nervoso.Figura 4: A: Mapa das principais áreas cerebrais envolvidas no processamento das memórias declarativas.Figura 5: Vista da formação hipocampal em corte coronal.Figura 6. Representação esquemática das reações de redução incompletas do oxigênio à H 2 O. Figura 7:Representação esquemática das etapas da lipoperoxidação de membranas celulares. Figura 8:Representação esquemática das reações de oxi-redução (1 e 2); reações de Fenton (3 e 4). Figura 9:Representação esquemática da reação de dismutação catalisada pela SOD.Figura 10: Representação esquemática da reação de oxidação da glutationa e redução do H 2 O 2 catalisada pela GPx.Figura 11: Representação esquemática da reação de detoxificação de lipoperóxido pelo α-tocoferol.Figura 12: Representação esquemática do desenho experimental.Figura 13: Representação esquemática das câmaras de exposição. Figura 15: Representação esquemática do Teste do Reconhecimento Espontâneo de Objetos.Figura 16: Representação esquemática do labirinto de Morris.Figura 17: Representação esquemática do método Fractionator -o córtex foi seccionado em fatias de 2 mm de espessura em série e novamente em fragmentos menores para gerar cortes (SUR).Figura 18: Método utilizado para a obtenção dos cortes do córtex de 2 mm de espessura em série. Figura 19:Representação esquemática -método disector -2 pares de cortes de 5 µm seriados na mesma lâmina com um intervalo de 150 µm entre eles Figura 21: Representação -método disector -2 pares de cortes de 5 µm seriados na mesma lâmina com um intervalo de 100 µm entre eles. Figura 22:Representação esquemática -método disector -2 pares de cortes de 5 µm seriados na mesma lâmina com um intervalo de 150 µm entre eles.Figura 23: Fotografia ilustrativa de corte de córtex cerebral de rato exposto à poluição atmosférica ambiental após o período de desmame até 150 dias de vida (grupo FNF) corado com azul de toluidina, 5 µm.Figura 24: Fotografia ilustrativa de hipocampo de rato exposto à plouição atmosférica a nível ambiental desde a vida intra-uterina até 150 dias de vida (grupo NF) corado com azul de toluidina, 5 µm.Figura 25: Fotografia ilustrativa de estriado de rato exposto à poluição atmosférica ambiental após o período de desmame até 150 dias de vida (grupo FNF) corado com azul de toluidina, 5 µm. Lista de gráficosGráfico 1: Representação gráfica do índice de habituação de ratos machos adultos expostos ou não à poluição atmosférica a nível ambiental durante a fase intrauterina e o período de lactação. Grupos experimentais: F (filtrado), NFF (não filtrado/filtrado), FNF (filtrado/não filtrado), NF (não filtrado).Gráfico 2: Representação grá...

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Carbamazepine Enhances Discriminative Memory in a Rat Model of Epilepsy

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Antiseizure drugs differentially modulate theta‐burst induced long‐term potentiation in C57BL/6 mice

Antiseizure drugs differentially modulate theta‐burst induced long‐term potentiation in C57BL/6 mice

Decreased GABA receptor in the cerebral cortex of epileptic rats: effect of Bacopa monnieri and Bacoside-A

Estudo das alterações no desenvolvimento, no comportamento e na bioquímica cerebral de ratos machos adultos expostos à poluição atmosférica ambiental durante a fase intra-uterina e o período de lactação

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