Carbazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract

Microbial infection is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in around 1.2 million deaths annually. Due to this, medicinal chemists are continuously searching for new or improved alternatives to combat microbial infections. Among many nitrogen-containing heterocycles, carbazole derivatives have shown significant biological activities, of which its antimicrobial and antifungal activities are the most studied. In this review, miscellaneous carbazole derivatives and their antimicrobial activity are discussed (articles published from 1999 to 2022).

Synergy between Genome Mining, Metabolomics, and Bioinformatics Uncovers Antibacterial Chlorinated Carbazole Alkaloids and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster fromStreptomyces tubbatahanensissp. nov., a Novel Actinomycete Isolated from Sulu Sea, Philippines

“…Minimal growth inhibition was observed against E. faecium , with only 87% growth inhibition at 128 μg/mL, while none of the Gram-negative pathogens was inhibited. Carbazole derivatives have attracted attention due to their wide range of pharmacological applications ( 65 – 69 ), as the carbazole moiety is known to be useful in research and clinical studies ( 69 – 73 ). The compound 1 produced by S. diacarni LHW51701 T has a MIC of >128 μg/mL against Bacillus mycoides , methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium smegmatis , and Candida albicans ( 45 ).…”

9-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-9H-carbazole

“…Carbazole and its derivatives have attracted attention in the development of electrical and electronic materials because of their conjugated �-electron systems (Taranekar et al, 2007). The N-heterocyclic carbazole molecule has also been employed as a promising candidate in the treatment of cancer (Patil et al, 2022). As part of our studies in this area, we now describe the synthesis and structure of the title compound.…”

Design of N-heterocycle based-phthalonitrile/metal phthalocyanine–silver nanoconjugates for cancer therapies

“…In the FT-IR spectrum, the vibration bands of aromatic CH, aliphatic CH, and CuN groups appeared at 3095 cm −1 , 2959-2924 cm −1 , and 2233 cm −1 , respectively. In the 1 As shown in Scheme 1, template cyclotetramerization of dinitrile (1) in the presence of anhydrous metal salts resulted in phthalocyanine derivatives (2)(3)(4). All the compounds were characterized by performing several spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, 1 H NMR, MALDI-TOF, and UV-vis spectroscopy.…”

“…[1][2][3] These compounds have high biological and pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In the literature, some carbazole derivatives have been considered potent anticancer agents owing to their high antiproliferative activities against various cancer cell lines. Liu et al synthesized a series of new N-acyl-/N-alkyl-substituted carbazole sulfonamide derivatives and investigated their anticancer activities against the HepG2 cell line.…”