Carbazolic Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Photocatalytic Organic Transformations

Abstract

Heterogeneous photocatalysis have been deemed as a versatile and colorful platform for exploring efficient transformation systems. Henceforth, the design of photocatalysts underpins a wide range of research interests. By virtue of synthetic versatility, stability, non‐toxicity, purely organic properties, tunable semiconductive structures, and remarkable visible‐light absorbance, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have emerged as an attractive new class of semiconductor materials that show great potential for tackling important energy and environmental challenges. Over the past decade, immense efforts have been devoted toward the construction of CMPs‐based photocatalysts for versatile photocatalytic transformations. This review aims to summarize the latest representative advances in the field of carbazolic CMPs, focusing on various design strategies for the construction of tailor‐made skeletons that have direct impact on their charge dynamics and thus photocatalytic performances, especially on their specific photocatalytic efficiency for organic transformations. Scrutinizing the photocatalytic features and elucidating the related design principles, it is fully described how structure modification of polycarbazoles could have an effect on optical properties, and thus on photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the bottlenecks that need to be addressed, and the future research directions of CMPs are identified in the area of photocatalysis.

Unleashing the Power of PET-RAFT Polymerization: Journey from Porphyrin-Based Photocatalysts to Combinatorial Technologies and Advanced Bioapplications

“…Conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) is a noteworthy material, similar to 3D COFs, but with differences in composition and synthesis. CMP combines extensive π-conjugation and a permanent microporous framework, exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance in molecule and polymer synthesis, because of its strong light-capturing ability and narrow bandgap. , Hollow CMP microspheres (H-PPrlB-M MSs) were synthesized via Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization, hydrofluoric acid etching, and alkyne–azide click grafting of azido-functionalized PEG . These microspheres serve as multiphase photocatalysts for PET-RAFT, allowing controlled polymerization of various polyacrylamides under mild conditions.…”

Nanoplatforms Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) for Biomedical Applications

“…Porous organic frameworks (POFs) containing light elements have attracted more and more attention because of their unique and excellent properties . POFs generally include metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), − covalent organic frameworks (COFs), − conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), − porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs), − and covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). , Among them, COFs, characterized by discrete pores, are emerging highly ordered crystalline porous materials, mainly composed of light elements, such as H, B, C, and N, in the form of dynamic covalent bonds. Since the first synthesis of COF-1 and COF-5 by Yaghi and co-workers in 2005, scientists have explored different preparation strategies, such as solvothermal synthesis, ionothermal synthesis, and mechanochemical synthesis, to obtain functional COFs.…”

Recent Progress of Amorphous Porous Organic Polymers as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Organic Synthesis

“…[43] Zhang et al summarized the application of metal-free and metal-containing carbazole CMPs in photocatalytic organic synthesis. [44] In this review, miscellaneous reported amorphous POPs are systematically classified, expecting to understand the current status of heterogeneous photocatalysts in the field of photocatalytic organic transformations (Figure 2). On the one hand, we present in detail the construction units of several common amorphous POPs.…”