Carbenoxolone as a Multifunctional Vehicle for Electrodeposition of Materials

Liu, Xinqian; Veldhuis, Stephen C.; Mathews, Ritch; Zhitomirsky, Igor

doi:10.3390/app11199110

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…It is well-known that electrodeposition is an important tool for fabricating a variety of surface coatings on conducting materials, although in this Review, we only focused on electrodepositing biologically derived hydrogels. Readers who are interested in other aspects of the electrodeposition are directed to several reviews on various topics including conducting polymers, − polymer-based functional coatings (e.g., paints, , proteins/enzymes, − and polyelectrolyte coatings , ), low-molecular-weight hydrogelators, − metal-phenolics, , and metal nanostructures. − In addition, using electrode reaction and surfactant (i.e., electrophoretic deposition) to fabricate surface coatings of inorganic and/or polymeric composite materials has found a variety biomedical applications. − Further, functional surface coatings can also be achieved by co-depositing a mixture of stimuli-responsive materials and additional functional components. For instance, chitosan − or alginate − were used to co-deposit inorganic nanoparticles onto metallic implant materials, and pH responsive Fmoc-amino acids were used to co-deposit thermal responsive agarose or gelatin that served as a template for further biofunctionalization .…”

Section: Electro-biofabrication: From Cuing Self-assembly To Controll...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Biofabrication. Coupling Electrochemical and Biomolecular Methods to Create Functional Bio-Based Hydrogels

et al. 2023

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Twenty years ago, this journal published a review entitled "Biofabrication with Chitosan" based on the observations that (i) chitosan could be electrodeposited using low voltage electrical inputs (typically less than 5 V) and (ii) the enzyme tyrosinase could be used to graft proteins (via accessible tyrosine residues) to chitosan. Here, we provide a progress report on the coupling of electronic inputs with advanced biological methods for the fabrication of biopolymer-based hydrogel films. In many cases, the initial observations of chitosan's electrodeposition have been extended and generalized: mechanisms have been established for the electrodeposition of various other biological polymers (proteins and polysaccharides), and electrodeposition has been shown to allow the precise control of the hydrogel's emergent microstructure. In addition, the use of biotechnological methods to confer function has been extended from tyrosinase conjugation to the use of protein engineering to create genetically fused assembly tags (short sequences of accessible amino acid residues) that facilitate the attachment of function-conferring proteins to electrodeposited films using alternative enzymes (e.g., transglutaminase), metal chelation, and electrochemically induced oxidative mechanisms. Over these 20 years, the contributions from numerous groups have also identified exciting opportunities. First, electrochemistry provides unique capabilities to impose chemical and electrical cues that can induce assembly while controlling the emergent microstructure. Second, it is clear that the detailed mechanisms of biopolymer self-assembly (i.e., chitosan gel formation) are far more complex than anticipated, and this provides a rich opportunity both for fundamental inquiry and for the creation of high performance and sustainable material systems. Third, the mild conditions used for electrodeposition allow cells to be co-deposited for the fabrication of living materials. Finally, the applications have been expanded from biosensing and lab-on-a-chip systems to bioelectronic and medical materials. We suggest that electro-biofabrication is poised to emerge as an enabling additive manufacturing method especially suited for life science applications and to bridge communication between our biological and technological worlds.

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