Carbocationic polymerizations

Goethals, Eric J.; DUPREZ, F

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.01.001

Cited by 161 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…= À74.35°C). The wide polydispersity of PSt, which is evident in this work and has been previously reported [1,19], is potentially a consequence of competition between initiation and termination reactions. Alternatively, the high polydispersity could also be due to the variety of reactive catalytic species present since the catalyst was not completely soluble in the polymerization medium.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded at 300 MHz and 100 MHz, respectively, on a JEOL LA-400 spectrometer in CDCl 3 at 25°C. The molecular weight averages of the polymers were determined via size exclusion chromatography in THF (flow rate: 1.0 mL/min) at 25°C using a Waters 1515 isocratic HPLC pump equipped with a Styragel columns series (HR1-HR2-HR3-HR4) and refractive index detector (Waters Model 2414) using a PS calibration curve.…”

Section: Polymer Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this method, the polymer molecular weight is not controllable due to transfer reactions [1]. Indene (Ind) can be readily polymerized with various Friedel-Crafts co-initiators (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last two decades, papers published on Ind polymerization with Friedel-Crafts catalysts at low temperatures have shown that the polymer average molecular weights depend on the type and amount of catalyst and the mechanism (i.e. conventional, cationic, or live) [1,[4][5][6]. Ind-St copolymers with low M n values and broad polydispersity (M w /M n ) have been obtained via a cationic mechanism [1,2,5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…conventional, cationic, or live) [1,[4][5][6]. Ind-St copolymers with low M n values and broad polydispersity (M w /M n ) have been obtained via a cationic mechanism [1,2,5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Brum

Laux

Forte

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Cationic homo-and co-polymerization of indene (Ind), styrene (St), limonene (Lim), and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) was performed with AlCl 3 in dichloroethane at À20°C under inert N 2 . The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the reaction conditions on the molecular weight of polyindene (PInd) obtained by cationic polymerization with AlCl 3 without an electron donor, and also to determine the effect of the use of cyclic diolefin comonomers on the polymer properties. The polymers were synthesized at a monomer/catalyst molar ratio (MR) of 100; St and Lim showed the highest and lowest reactivity, respectively. The polymers were characterized by 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. PInd with a number average molecular weight (M n ) of 45 Â 10 3 g/mol and a glass transition temperature (T g ) of 207°C was obtained, whereas only oligomeric polylimonenes were obtained. Cyclic diolefins depressed both the M n and T g values of the Ind-copolymers. There was a dramatic decrease in the M n of the polymers: those obtained at a MR of 1:1 in the feed presented M n values lower than 10 4 g/mol, with the exception of poly(Ind-co-ENB), which is cross-linked. Poly(Ind-co-Lim) with lateral double bonds, a comonomer content of 1 to 20 mol%, and T g values in the range of 140-200°C were obtained.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Polymer Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this method, the polymer molecular weight is not controllable due to transfer reactions [1]. Indene (Ind) can be readily polymerized with various Friedel-Crafts co-initiators (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…conventional, cationic, or live) [1,[4][5][6]. Ind-St copolymers with low M n values and broad polydispersity (M w /M n ) have been obtained via a cationic mechanism [1,2,5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Brum

Laux

Forte

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Copolymers

Ballard

2023

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This article provides an overview of the preparation, properties, use, and characterization of synthetic copolymers. The range of different copolymer structures that can be synthesized using current methods is detailed and the current IUPAC‐recommended nomenclature for naming these structures is explained. Techniques for the production of copolymers are discussed, with an emphasis on the types of copolymers and copolymer structures attainable through each polymerization technique. Industrially important random, alternating, block, graft, star, and hyperbranched copolymers are described in terms of the processes used to produce them and the properties achieved. Their main uses and major producers are also detailed.

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Carbocationic Polymerization

Puskás¹,

Kaszás²

2016

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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This article summarizes fundamental and general aspects of carbocationic polymerizations, with a historical overview and up‐to‐date references. Following general considerations, the basic elements of carbocationic polymerization, such as monomers, initiating systems, solvents, and temperature, are discussed. Special attention is given to carbocation stability, monomer nucleophilicity, and dynamic interactions. The section on the kinetics of carbocationic polymerization presents current understanding of the elementary reactions—initiation, propagation, termination and transfer reactions, and copolymerization. Controlled (living) carbocationic polymerization is discussed in a separate section. Finally, industrial carbocationic polymerizations are also reviewed.

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Carbocationic polymerizations

Cited by 161 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Copolymers

Carbocationic Polymerization

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