Carbochlorination kinetics of titanium dioxide with carbon and carbon monoxide as reductant

Kinetics of chlorination of tantalum pentoxide in mixture with sucrose carbon by chlorine gas

“…[25] The theoretical values of the straight lines in Figure 3 are 1.1357 and 1.0678 for the formation of CO and CO 2 according to Reactions [1] and [2], respectively. This behavior has also been reported by Yang and Hlavacek in a study of the kinetics of TiO 2 carbochlorination with carbon and CO. [26] B. This behavior has also been reported by Yang and Hlavacek in a study of the kinetics of TiO 2 carbochlorination with carbon and CO. [26] B.…”

Modeling of titania slag carbochlorination

“…Solid C in coke, carbonaceous reductants, had the most substantial impact on the TiO2 chlorination. [5,6] The TiO2 carbochlorination with C as the reductant was expressed by an overall irreversible reaction (1): The mechanism of this heterogeneous reaction (1) was established in numerous reports. [4,[7][8][9] Chlorcarbonic radicals (C*Cl) formed by catalytic adsorption of chlorine gas on active carbon sites (C*) occurred in the first stage.…”

“…[4,12] TiOCl2 was rapidly transported to the surrounding C*Cl radical where oxygen atom in the TiOCl2 molecules was replaced by Cl atomic radical, resulting in titanium tetrachloride formation. [6,11,12] The reaction of the TiOCl2 and C*Cl was neglected in controlling-step consideration of the C-TiO2 carbochlorination (1) due to its high rate. [4,7] Dependence of the C-TiO2 chlorination rate on chlorine's partial pressure, [9] mass ratio of C/TiO2 and particle size [6,13] have been investigated in numerous modeling studies.…”

“…[6,11,12] The reaction of the TiOCl2 and C*Cl was neglected in controlling-step consideration of the C-TiO2 carbochlorination (1) due to its high rate. [4,7] Dependence of the C-TiO2 chlorination rate on chlorine's partial pressure, [9] mass ratio of C/TiO2 and particle size [6,13] have been investigated in numerous modeling studies. These models were well fitted to experimental results in the TiO2 carbochlorination, using static [6] or fluidized bed [8,9] reactors.…”

“…[4,7] Dependence of the C-TiO2 chlorination rate on chlorine's partial pressure, [9] mass ratio of C/TiO2 and particle size [6,13] have been investigated in numerous modeling studies. These models were well fitted to experimental results in the TiO2 carbochlorination, using static [6] or fluidized bed [8,9] reactors. Although fluidized bed technology possessed advantages for TiO2 carbochlorination for excellent heat and mass transfer and entrained-flow controllability, the impurities (magnesium oxide and alkaline earth metals) in raw material were also well chlorinated, forming high melting-point chlorides that lead to localized overheating and fusion.…”