Carbofilm ™: Present and future applications in biomedical devices

Vallana, F.; Pasquino, E.; Rinaldi, Stefano; Galloni, M.; Gatti, Antonietta; Modica, F; Benech, Arnaldo

doi:10.1016/0272-8842(93)90038-s

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The thromboresistance features of the device are obtained through Carbofilm™ that coats the entire surface of the stent. The unique properties and performance in term of biocompatibility and thromboresistance of Carbofilm™ have been extensively demonstrated 15–25 . Before the coating process is performed, the stent undergoes a proprietary electrochemical and diamond process that provides a mirror‐like surface.…”

Section: Janus Stent Design Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of Passive Coating and Targeted Drug Delivery:

Bartorelli

Trabattoni

Fabbiocchi

et al. 2003

J Interven Cardiology

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Stents represent a major step forward in the treatment of coronary artery disease since the introduction of balloon angioplasty. They have demonstrated the reduction of angiographic indexes of restenosis and rates of repeat revascularization. However, in-stent neointimal proliferation represents the persisting limitation and challenge. Local delivery using a stent platform for deposition of therapeutic drug concentration in the arterial wall has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce in-stent neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. The purpose of this article is to describe the design characteristics of a new drug-eluting stent. Its unique features consist of integral Carbofilm thromboresistant coating combined with the capability to load the drug into and to release it from deep sculptures made on the external surface of the stent. The advantages of this design are the possibility to load higher amounts of drug, to selectively deliver it to the vessel wall without loss in the blood stream, and to improve the biocompatibility and thromboresistance of the stent. Preclinical studies, using tacrolimus as the biological agent, showed excellent vessel tissue response and mild inflammation scores. A significant reduction of intimal proliferation was observed in comparison with a control stent. The enrollment in a safety first-in-man evaluation has been successfully completed. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study is expected to start at the completion of the "safety" evaluation.

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Section: Janus Stent Design Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of Passive Coating and Targeted Drug Delivery:

Bartorelli

Trabattoni

Fabbiocchi

et al. 2003

J Interven Cardiology

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“…The biocompatibility of different forms of carbon has been confirmed by many authors. 1,[12][13][14][15][16] However, it remains unclear if carbon-carbon composites are inert or active after intrabone implantation. In one of our previous experiments the shear strength of the interface between CFRC implants and bone at 3 months after implantation into rabbit femurs was investigated as compared to interfaces with hydroxyapatite and stainless steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between carbon composites and bone after intrabone implantation

Lewandowska-Szumieł

Komender

Chłopek³

1999

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Candidate carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFRC) porous implant materials were evaluated for tissue compatibility in a rat model. Six different CFRCs of constant pore size (about 30 microm) were fabricated that had 9, 12, and 17% porosity with 2-nm3 matrix crystallites and 6, 12, and 20% at 25 nm3. They were implanted as femoral transverse diaphyseal pins that were 1.5 mm in diameter. At 5 and 45 weeks, implant and bone histologic specimens were evaluated histologically and by a scanning electron microscope and an electron microprobe. Also, regional lymph nodes and spleens were examined. By 45 weeks, direct implant-bone contact was observed over most of the interface in most specimens. At the implant surface, there was partial replacement of CFRC with host tissue. However, the microprobe showed that the implant-bone interface was chemically abrupt with no cross-diffusion of ionic species. Besides the surface effects, there was partial filling of the implant pores with tissue, including bone organized de novo deep within. This was observed histologically and confirmed by microprobe. Lymph nodes and spleens were histologically normal, and no carbon particles were found. None of the results were influenced by porosity or matrix crystallite size over the ranges studied. In summary, these porous CFRCs are partially degraded when in contact with bone and appear substantially tissue compatible. They may be useful as scaffolds for regrowth of bone.

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“…The benchmark carbon material for blood interaction today however is the so-called LTI carbon (low temperature isotropic carbon) synthesised by pyrolytic processes. [57][58][59][60] Furthermore nanocrystalline diamond and diamond/amorphous carbon nanocomposite thin films are considered for being suitable biomaterials. [61,62] This paper discusses the correlation between the surface topography, the surface energy and wettability and the constitution of magnetron-sputtered hydrogen-free amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface Topography, Surface Energy and Wettability of Magnetron‐Sputtered Amorphous Carbon (a‐C) Films and Their Relevance for Platelet Adhesion

Stüber¹,

Niederberger²,

Danneil³

et al. 2007

Adv Eng Mater

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and amorphous carbon (a-C, a-C:H) coatings, respectively, have been proposed since many years as potential materials for biomedical applications due to their chemical inertness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, bio-and haemocompatibility. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The feasibility of amorphous carbon coatings was investigated for a variety of applications like surgical needles, [2] orthopaedic implants and prostheses, [7][8][9][10][11] medical guidewires, [12][13][14][15] coronary artery stents [16,17] and also for mechanical heart valve replacement and other solid implants. [18][19][20][21][22][23] The functionality, performance and durability of artificial surfaces in vivo are determined and often limited by their interaction with blood or tissue. However, the coagulation mechanism of blood on amorphous carbon (DLC) films in such a biomedical environment is not understood in detail even if the biocompatibility of DLC coatings was described early by many reports. [1,3,[24][25][26] Extensive information on individual aspects, like protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and activation on carbonaceous surfaces has been accumulated in the literature. [27][28][29] Since a few years more sophisticated approaches to the scientific understanding of the complex interaction of blood and inorganic surfaces are emerging by addressing this field through fundamental and interdisciplinary research efforts offering synoptical views based on materials science, chemistry, biology, physics, physical chemistry and medicine. [30][31][32] Main factors have been recognised to influence significantly the cell adhesion and interaction on amorphous carbon: these include the constitution of the carbon films and the fraction of the sp 3 bonds, [12,30] the surface energy and hydrophobicity, [27] and the surface roughness and topography. [26,31] The properties of a-C and DLC coatings, especially the biofunctional ones, can further be modified by incorporating other elements in the coatings, such as H, N, F, P, Si and metals. [4,5,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] It is well known that the incorporation of additional elements into an amorphous carbon matrix has a very strong impact on the surface energy and wettability of such coatings. [40][41][42] Combining various surface modification methods should thus offer new tools for a future engineering design of biofunctional thin film materials, covering a wide range of properties, for example from strongly hydrophilic to extremely hydrophobic. Recently, it was shown that the modification of the inherent surface topography of carbon films on the nano-scale by proper adjusting of the deposition process and kinetics can strongly impact the wetting behaviour. [43] Similar or complementary effects were achieved through creating an artificial micro-or nano-scale surface topography by laser-patterning or plasma-etching or by subsequent thermal processing of carbon coatings. [44][45][46] From the biological perspective, the competitive adsorption of several plasma proteins (al...

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Carbofilm ™: Present and future applications in biomedical devices

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Synergy of Passive Coating and Targeted Drug Delivery:

Synergy of Passive Coating and Targeted Drug Delivery:

Interaction between carbon composites and bone after intrabone implantation

Surface Topography, Surface Energy and Wettability of Magnetron‐Sputtered Amorphous Carbon (a‐C) Films and Their Relevance for Platelet Adhesion

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