Carbofuran.  Comparative toxicity and metabolism in the worms Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia foetida

Gilman, Andrew P.; Vardanis, A.

doi:10.1021/jf60194a018

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3) The injection of a pesticide solution into the coelomic cavity of earthworms was conducted in some toxicity and metabolism studies, [13][14][15][16][17] but it is a cumbersome way that brings concern of a solvent effect, even for larger earthworms such as anecic Lumbricus terrestris. The direct gavage technique was tried for L. terrestris in the metabolism study 18) but was considered impractical for a toxicity study using many individuals.…”

Section: Methods Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immersing earthworms into an aqueous solution of pesticide is another convenient approach for examining its potential effect, but its application is limited by the water solubility of the pesticide. 13,14,17,[19][20][21] Exposing the earthworm to the natural soil treated with pesticide is the most realistic scenario. However, many environmental factors greatly influence the effects of a pesticide on earthworms; soil properties such as pH and organic matter content, 11,22) dissolved organic carbon in pore water, 23) adsorptiondesorption hysteresis with sequestration in the soil, 12,[24][25][26] and microbial degradation.…”

Section: Methods Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By exposure to soil treated with 14 Ccypermethrin, 82) the acid hydrolysis of the polar extracts from earthworms released the corresponding chrysanthemic acid from the [acid-14 C] label. A great deal of harsh acid hydrolysis was necessary to effectively release the 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBacid) from the [alc-…”

Section: Metabolism Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Katagi

Ose

2015

Journal of Pesticide Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The toxic effects of pesticides on earthworms, one of the most important bioindicators in the terrestrial environment, are closely related to their body burden determined by uptake, metabolism and excretion processes. Not only the passive diffusion via the outer skin from a dissolved fraction of pesticide but also the ingestion of contaminated soil and food governs the uptake process, with each contribution controlled by either the hydrophobicity of the pesticide or the soil organic matter. Although the available information is limited, earthworms are likely to metabolize pesticides via hydrolysis and oxidation (Phase I) followed by conjugation (Phase II), and low bioaccumulation is observed as a result for most pesticides. The acute toxicity in the soil exposure can be partly explained by the dissolved fraction of pesticide in pore water, but the contribution of dietary uptake and metabolism should be further studied to correctly evaluate pesticide toxicity.

show abstract

Section: Methods Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Katagi

Ose

2015

Journal of Pesticide Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, E. fetida have been observed to burrow after direct injection with carbofuran (a systemic carbamate insecticide), while this was not the case for L. terrestris (Gilman and Vardanis 1974). Furthermore, E. fetida was able to discriminate between carbofuran-treated and nontreated soils whereas L terrestris was not (Gilman and Vardanis 1974).…”

Section: Behavioral Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Earthworms

Scott-Fordsmand¹,

Weeks²

2000

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In this context, some behavioural endpoints are important and efforts should be made to develop, optimise and increase their use in earthworm toxicity testing. However, care must be taken, since behavioural responses might vary greatly from species to species (Gilman and Vardanis 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and behavioural effects of imidacloprid on two ecologically relevant earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa)

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Earthworms play key roles in soils and sub-lethal effects of environmental toxicants on these organisms should be taken seriously, since they might have detrimental effects on higher ecological levels. In laboratory experiments we have assessed sub-lethal effects (body mass change and cast production) of imidacloprid on two earthworm species commonly found in different agricultural soils (Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa). After 7 days of exposure in contaminated soil, a significant loss of body mass was found in both species exposed to imidacloprid concentrations as low as 0.66 mg kg(-1) dry soil. These losses ranged from 18.3 to 39% for A. caliginosa and from 7.4 to 32.4% for L. terrestris, respectively. Changes in cast production, a new biomarker previously validated using L. terrestris, was assessed by soil sieving using the recommended mesh size (5.6 mm) for L. terrestris and three different mesh sizes for A. caliginosa (5.6, 4 and 3.15 mm). The 4 mm mesh size proved to be the most suitable sieve size for A. caliginosa. Cast production increased by 26.2% in A. caliginosa and by 28.1% in L. terrestris at the lowest imidacloprid concentration tested (0.2 mg kg(-1) dry soil), but significantly decreased at higher concentrations (equal to and above 0.66 mg kg(-1) dry soil) in both earthworm species after the 7 days exposure experiment. These decreases in cast production ranged from 44.5 to 96.9% in A. caliginosa and from 42.4 to 95.7% in L. terrestris. The EC(50) for cast production were 0.84 (L. terrestris) and 0.76 mg kg(-1) dry soil (A. caliginosa), respectively. The detected sub-lethal effects were found close to the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of imidacloprid, which is in the range of 0.33-0.66 mg kg(-1) dry soil. The biomarkers used in the present study, body mass change and changes in cast production, may be of ecological relevance and have shown high sensitivity for imidacloprid exposure of earthworms. The measurement of changes in cast production should be considered for inclusion in current standard tests.

show abstract

Carbofuran. Comparative toxicity and metabolism in the worms Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia foetida

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Biomarkers in Earthworms

Physiological and behavioural effects of imidacloprid on two ecologically relevant earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About