Carbofuran Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated Alterations in Na⁺‐K⁺‐ATPase Activity in Rat Brain: Amelioration by Vitamin E

Abstract

Pesticides cause oxidative stress and adversely influence Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in animals. Since impact of carbofuran has not been properly studied in the mammalian brain, the ability of carbofuran to induce oxidative stress and modulation in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and its amelioration by vitamin E was performed. The rats divided into six groups received two different doses of carbofuran (15% and 30% LD50) for 15 days. The results suggested that the carbofuran treatment caused a significant elevation in levels of malonaldehyde and reduced glutathione and sharp inhibition in the activities of super oxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase; the effect being dose dependent. Carbofuran at different doses also caused sharp reduction in the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. The pretreatment of vitamin E, however, showed a significant recovery in these indices. The pretreatment of rats with vitamin E offered protection from carbofuran-induced oxidative stress.

Curcumin Mediated Attenuation of Carbofuran Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

“…Further, H 2 O 2 molecules get converted into nontoxic water and molecular oxygen by catalase. So any alteration occurring in the activities of SOD and catalase may cause serious pathophysiological alterations in the brain [ 29 ]. The significant reduction in the activities of these enzymes at both doses of carbofuran in rat brain (present investigation) showed the failure of antioxidant defense system due to the repeated oral treatment of carbofuran for 30 days.…”

Studies on the ameliorative effect of curcumin on carbofuran induced perturbations in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in wistar rats

“…Carbofuran (C 12 H 15 NO 3 ; 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methylcarbamate), commonly known as furadan, is a carbamate pesticide used in farm practices to increase crop productivity. It is also used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide due to its short half life in the environment (Gupta, 1994, Gupta et al, 2000, Jaiswal et al, 2014). Carbofuran being a broad spectrum pesticide is ubiquitously used to protect agricultural and house hold items.…”

Vitamin C acts as a hepatoprotectant in carbofuran treated rat liver slices in vitro

“…In another study, we have reported the increased oxidative stress and its amelioration by vitamin C in the different tissues of carbofuran treated rats [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] . Vitamin E [15] and Curcumin [14] have also been reported to be potent ameliorative antioxidants against carbofuran induced toxicity.…”