Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 change during chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites modified with a resin based on ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer (surlyn) and/or citric acid were electron beam‐irradiated and investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) at room temperature. ESR studies were carried out directly after irradiation and after various time intervals up to 72 h postirradiation. The irradiated samples showed the ESR spectrum of seven lines that was assigned to the formation of allyl radical. The nature and yield of the allyl radical of the different LDPE samples were analyzed as a function of time after irradiation. Also, the radical concentration, decay, decay rate, and kinetics of radical decay were evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis at a series of different temperatures upon cooling from room temperature to −175°C and the reverse heating to +125°C was also carried out. The structural changes while cooling and heating of LDPE samples were investigated using FTIR spectrometry. The results showed that cooling of unirradiated LDPE samples to −175°C results in a decrease of the intensities of IR bands. However, heating the samples from −175°C up to +125°C led to a consequence increase in the intensities of the IR bands. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3461–3469, 2007

Serum CA 19-9 as a Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer—A Comprehensive Review

“…Patients with a higher percent decline in CA 19-9 serum levels following treatment had improved overall survival (Group III-16.7 months compared to Group II-10 months, p<0.002, and Group II-10 months vs. 6.5 months for Group -I, p<0.002). Overall, the median survival was 15.5 months among patients with normal CA 19-9 levels, 11.9 months among 108 patients with CA 19-9 serum levels between 38 U/ml and 1,167 U/ml and 8 months among 105 patients who had CA 19-9 serum levels >1,167 U/ml [60].…”

“…Whether serum CA 19-9 levels can be used as a surrogate marker of response to chemotherapy has been studied in a variety of clinical settings [41,44,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. Willett et al measured CA 19-9 serum levels in 42 resectable pancreatic cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment with 5-flourouracil and external beam radiation prior to planned pancreaticoduodenectomy.…”

“…Nearly all studies have demonstrated that a treatment related decline in CA 19-9 serum levels is associated with prolonged survival and is an independent predictor of overall survival [41,44,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] (Table 5). Reni et al compared basal CA 19-9 serum levels in 247 advanced pancreatic cancer patients enrolled in five consecutive chemotherapy trials (G, gemcitabine; PEFG, cisplatin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and gemcitabine; PDXG, cisplatin, docetaxel, capecitabine, and gemcitabine) [60]. The survival curves were plotted based on a pre-defined decline in CA 19-9 serum levels (Group 1, <50% decrease, Group 2, 50% to 89% decrease and Group 3, >89% decrease).…”

The cisplatin, epirubicin, 5‐fluorouracil, gemcitabine (PEFG) regimen in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma

“…A major biochemical response (ie, a reduction 90% in CA 19-9 concentration at nadir compared with the baseline value) appeared to correlate with to better OS in biliary tract cancer, as we observed previously in pancreatic cancer. 42 Clinical trials are difficult to perform because of the relative rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors and because of the patient population. In the last 22 years, there were >100 clinical trials, including only 2 phase 2 randomized trials 10,33 and 1 phase 3 trial, 36 with a mean of 25 patients per trial and with limited sample sizes in various disease subgroups.…”

An explorative study on the clinical utility of baseline and serial serum tumour marker measurements in advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer

“…Changes in serum tumour markers have been explored for the latter purpose. Small patient series in PC have indicated that changes in CA19-9 during treatment provide clinically relevant information (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), but the value of these changes is far from established (11)(12)(13).…”