Carbohydrate– Carbohydrate Interactions

Seah, Nicole; Basu, Amit

doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb199

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Large numbers of bonds with small binding constants but fast kinetics are necessary to efficiently but reversibly glue together rather large objects such as cells where many thousands of bonds participate and at the same time allow these bonds to open quickly if necessary. Prime candidates for ultraweak bonds are protein-carbohydrate or early in evolu-tion employed carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions (CCIs) (1,2,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Although known for many years, CCIs are among the less investigated and less understood interactions in the context of cell-cell recognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size, Kinetics, and Free Energy of Clusters Formed by Ultraweak Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Bonds

Witt

Savić

Oelkers

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

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Weak noncovalent intermolecular interactions play a pivotal role in many biological processes such as cell adhesion or immunology, where the overall binding strength is controlled through bond association and dissociation dynamics as well as the cooperative action of many parallel bonds. Among the various molecules participating in weak bonds, carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are probably the most ancient ones allowing individual cells to reversibly enter the multicellular state and to tell apart self and nonself cells. Here, we scrutinized the kinetics and thermodynamics of small homomeric Lewis X-Lewis X ensembles formed in the contact zone of a membrane-coated colloidal probe and a solid supported membrane ensuring minimal nonspecific background interactions. We used an atomic force microscope to measure force distance curves at Piconewton resolution, which allowed us to measure the force due to unbinding of the colloidal probe and the planar membrane as a function of contact time. Applying a contact model, we could estimate the free binding energy of the formed adhesion cluster as a function of dwell time and thereby determine the precise size of the contact zone, the number of participating bonds, and the intrinsic rates of association and dissociation in the presence of calcium ions. The unbinding energy per bond was found to be on the order of 1 kBT. Approximately 30 bonds were opened simultaneously at an off-rate of koff = 7 ± 0.2 s(-1).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size, Kinetics, and Free Energy of Clusters Formed by Ultraweak Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Bonds

Witt

Savić

Oelkers

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

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“…Cell-surface glycans in the form of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and glycocalix polysaccharides (1) serve not only as stabilizers for the integrity of cell membranes but also as specific ligands to communicate with neighboring cells. Although most of the receptors for cell-surface carbohydrates are proteins (e.g., lectins (2,3)), there are several examples of specific interactions between complementary carbohydrate motifs (4,5). For example, the homophilic interactions of membrane-bound saccharides bearing the neutral LewisX (Le X ) trisaccharide motif D-Galbð1/4Þ½L-Fuc að1/3ÞD-GlcNAcbð1/RÞ were reported to play key roles in the aggregation of cells during the embryonic development (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Adhesion via Homophilic Saccharide-Saccharide Interactions Investigated by Neutron Scattering

Schneck

Demé

Gege

et al. 2011

Biophysical Journal

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Solid-supported membrane multilayers doped with membrane-anchored oligosaccharides bearing the LewisX motif (Le(X) lipid) were utilized as a model system of membrane adhesion mediated via homophilic carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. Specular and off-specular neutron scattering in bulk aqueous electrolytes allowed us to study multilayer structure and membrane mechanics at full hydration at various Ca(2+) concentrations, indicating that membrane-anchored Le(X) cross-links the adjacent membranes. To estimate forces and energies required for cross-linking, we theoretically modeled the interactions between phospholipid membranes and compared this model with our experimental results on membranes doped with Le(X) lipids. We demonstrated that the bending rigidity, extracted from the off-specular scattering signals, is not significantly influenced by the molar fraction of Le(X) lipids, while the vertical compression modulus (and thus the intermembrane confinement) increases with the molar fraction of Le(X) lipids.

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“…Carbohydrate–carbohydrate and carbohydrate–aromatic ring interactions are well-known [29–30]. Based on these interactions, we hypothesized that abnormal fluorescence behavior may be exhibited at high carbohydrate concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow synthesis of a versatile fructosamine mimic and quenching studies of a fructose transport probe

Plutschack¹,

McQuade²,

Valenti³

et al. 2013

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryWe describe the synthesis of 1-amino-2,5-anhydro-D-mannose (“mannitolamine”), a key intermediate to the 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzadiazole conjugate (NBDM), using commercially available fluidic devices to increase the throughput. The approach is the first example of a flow-based Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement. Performing this step in flow enables a ~64-fold throughput enhancement relative to batch. The flow process enables the synthesis to be accomplished three times faster than the comparable batch route. The high throughput enabled the production of larger quantities of the fluorescent fructose transport probe NBDM, enabling us to measure key photophysical properties that will facilitate future uptake studies.

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Carbohydrate– Carbohydrate Interactions

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Size, Kinetics, and Free Energy of Clusters Formed by Ultraweak Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Bonds

Size, Kinetics, and Free Energy of Clusters Formed by Ultraweak Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Bonds

Membrane Adhesion via Homophilic Saccharide-Saccharide Interactions Investigated by Neutron Scattering

Flow synthesis of a versatile fructosamine mimic and quenching studies of a fructose transport probe

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