Carbohydrate hydrogel beverage provides no additional cycling performance benefit versus carbohydrate alone

Baur, Daniel; Toney, Harrison R.; Saunders, Michael; Baur, Katherine G.; Luden, Nicholas D.; Womack, Christopher J.

doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04240-4

Cited by 10 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our data do not support this proposition. Instead, they support previous observations made in thermoneutral environments during running (McCubbin et al 2019;Barber et al 2020) and cycling (Baur et al 2019;Mears et al 2020a), which reported no differences in blood glucose concentrations, substrate oxidation, or exercise performance between the two drink mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The type of ingested CHO (e.g. solid, liquid, gel) can influence GI comfort (Guillochon and Rowlands 2017) and it has been speculated that hydrogels may cause increased stomach distension that leads to increased sensations of fullness (Baur et al 2019). Data from the present study do not support this hypothesis, with both CHO drinks producing the same incidence of severe sensations of fullness (92%) when compared to water (79%) alone.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…In the present study we report high rates of severe GI discomfort (GI scores over 5) in both the MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG (71%) and MAL+FRU (57%) trials relative to water (36%). We can therefore be confident that our protocol induced substantial GI distress during each experimental trial relative to previous investigations using both runners (McCubbin et al 2019;Barber et al 2020) and cyclists (Baur et al 2019;Mears et al 2020a), and increases the likelihood of detecting a difference between CHO drinks. We did note that sensations of gut discomfort were greater following MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG as compared to both the MAL+FRU and WATER.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…hr -1 , 18% w/v). In light of these findings, it is not surprising that there is no empirical evidence to support additional ergogenic benefits beyond those that are already associated with the ingestion of traditional glucose(polymer)-fructose mixtures during running (McCubbin et al 2019;Barber et al 2020) and cycling exercise (Baur et al, 2019, Mears et al, 2020. It is possible that hydrogel formulations are only ergogenic in certain contexts, such as conditions that are associated with greater GI disturbance or alterations in CHO metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addition of pectin-alginate to a carbohydrate beverage does not maintain gastrointestinal barrier function during exercise in hot-humid conditions better than carbohydrate ingestion alone

Flood

Montanari

Wicks

et al. 2020

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Purpose: To compare the effects of consuming a 16% maltodextrin+fructose+pectin alginate (MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) drink against a nutrient matched maltodextrin-fructose (MAL+FRU) drink on enterocyte damage and gastrointestinal permeability after cycling in hot and humid conditions. Methods: Fourteen recreational cyclists (7 men) completed three experimental trials in a randomized placebo-controlled design. Participants cycled for 90 min (45% VO2max) and completed a 15 min time-trial in hot (32°C) humid (70% relative humidity) conditions. Every 15-minutes cyclists consumed 143 mL of either (1) water; (2) MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG (90g CHO.hr/16% w/v), (3) – a ratio-matched MAL+FRU drink also (90g CHO.hr/16% w/v). Blood was sampled before and after exercise and gastrointestinal (GI) permeability determined by serum measurements of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) and the percent ratio of lactulose (5g) to rhamnose (2g) recovered in post-exercise urine. Results: Compared to WATER, IFABP decreased by 349±67pg.mL-1 with MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG (p=0.007), and by 427±56pg.mL-1 with MAL+FRU (p=0.02). GI permeability was reduced in both the MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG (by 0.019±0.01, p = 0.0003) and MAL+FRU (by 0.014±0.01, p = 0.002) conditions relative to WATER. Conclusion. Both CHO beverages attenuated GI barrier damage to a similar extent relative to water. No metabolic, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory or performance differences were observed between the CHO beverages. Novelty bullets • Consumption of multiple-transportable CHO, with or without hydrogel properties, preserves GI barrier integrity and reduces enterocyte damage during prolonged cycling in hot-humid conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addition of pectin-alginate to a carbohydrate beverage does not maintain gastrointestinal barrier function during exercise in hot-humid conditions better than carbohydrate ingestion alone

Flood

Montanari

Wicks

et al. 2020

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Performance was similar with MD + F hydrogel, isocaloric MD + F fluids (Figure 3; Baur et al, 2019;Flood et al, 2020;McCubbin et al, 2019;Mears et al, 2020b), or noncaloric hydrogel (Pettersson et al, 2019). Relative performance changes between CHO hydrogel and fluids ranged between +1.05% and +3.8% but were not statistically significant (p < .05).…”

Section: Exercise Performancementioning

confidence: 79%

Carbohydrate Hydrogel Products Do Not Improve Performance or Gastrointestinal Distress During Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise

King

Rowe

Burke

2020

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The benefits of ingesting exogenous carbohydrate (CHO) during prolonged exercise performance are well established. A recent food technology innovation has seen sodium alginate and pectin included in solutions of multiple transportable CHO, to encapsulate them at pH levels found in the stomach. Marketing claims include enhanced gastric emptying and delivery of CHO to the muscle with less gastrointestinal distress, leading to better sports performance. Emerging literature around such claims was identified by searching electronic databases; inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials investigating metabolic and/or exercise performance parameters during endurance exercise >1 hr, with CHO hydrogels versus traditional CHO fluids and/or noncaloric hydrogels. Limitations associated with the heterogeneity of exercise protocols and control comparisons are noted. To date, improvements in exercise performance/capacity have not been clearly demonstrated with ingestion of CHO hydrogels above traditional CHO fluids. Studies utilizing isotopic tracers demonstrate similar rates of exogenous CHO oxidation, and subjective ratings of gastrointestinal distress do not appear to be different. Overall, data do not support any metabolic or performance advantages to exogenous CHO delivery in hydrogel form over traditional CHO preparations; although, one study demonstrates a possible glycogen sparing effect. The authors note that the current literature has largely failed to investigate the conditions under which maximal CHO availability is needed; high-performance athletes undertaking prolonged events at high relative and absolute exercise intensities. Although investigations are needed to better target the testimonials provided about CHO hydrogels, current evidence suggests that they are similar in outcome and a benefit to traditional CHO sources.

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Carbohydrate supplementation: a critical review of recent innovations

Baur

Saunders

2020

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Carbohydrate hydrogel beverage provides no additional cycling performance benefit versus carbohydrate alone

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Addition of pectin-alginate to a carbohydrate beverage does not maintain gastrointestinal barrier function during exercise in hot-humid conditions better than carbohydrate ingestion alone

Addition of pectin-alginate to a carbohydrate beverage does not maintain gastrointestinal barrier function during exercise in hot-humid conditions better than carbohydrate ingestion alone

Carbohydrate Hydrogel Products Do Not Improve Performance or Gastrointestinal Distress During Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise

Carbohydrate supplementation: a critical review of recent innovations

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