Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a prospective study of French women

Lajous, Martín; Boutron‐Ruault, Marie‐Christine; Fabre, Alban; Clavel‐Chapelon, Françoise; Romieu, Isabelle

doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1384

Cited by 87 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This was agreed by another cohort of Nurses' Health Study which found there was no significant association between carbohydrate intake and breast cancer risk among premenopausal women (Holmes et al, 2004). Studies among postmenopausal women were more intensively conducted but majority of them found no significant association between carbohydrate intake and breast cancer risk at an intake of 50% to 55% of energy (Holmes et al, 2004;Nielsen et al, 2005;Lajous et al, 2008;Larsson et al, 2009;Shikany et al, 2011). However, at a higher intake of carbohydrate achieving 82% of energy contribution (344 g/day), a prospective study in China found a significant two-fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (HR=2:01; 95%CI: 1.26 to 3.19), but not postmenopausal (Wen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Concurrently, there have been striking changes in mortality rates of breast cancer among other cancers which lagged around 10 years from the beginning of the nutrition transition towards a westernized diet in selected geographical location in East Asia (Zhang et al, 2012). In the past decade, dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar has gained much attention in relation towards breast cancer risk according to menopausal status, but studies have been limited in developed countries (Cho et al, 2003;Holmes et al, 2004;Romieu et al, 2004;Mattisson et al, 2004;Nielsen et al, 2005;Giles et al, 2006;Cade et al, 2007;Lajous et al, 2008;Suzuki et al, 2008;Larsson et al, 2009;Wen et al, 2009;Park et al, 2009;Shikany et al, 2011;Zaineddin et al, 2012;Ferrari et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Woo et al, 2013). A few studies have appeared from South-East Asia and Eastern Europe (Kruk and Marchlewicz, 2013;Sangrajrang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Carbohydrate, Fiber and Sugar and Risk of Breast Cancer According to Menopausal Status in Malaysia

Sulaiman¹,

Shahril²,

Wafa³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Carbohydrate, Fiber and Sugar and Risk of Breast Cancer According to Menopausal Status in Malaysia

Sulaiman¹,

Shahril²,

Wafa³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Therefore it might be hypothesized that its effects differ according to the time of day at which the beverage is drunk, thereby potentially affecting breast cancer risk (26) . However, our data did not confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No association between coffee, tea or caffeine consumption and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort study

Fagherazzi

Touillaud

Boutron‐Ruault

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Numerous mechanisms for the effects of coffee, tea and caffeine on the risk of breast cancer have been suggested. Caffeine intake has already been associated with high plasma levels of female hormones, but associations have not been clearly demonstrated in epidemiological studies. Design: We examined prospectively the association of coffee, tea and caffeine consumption with breast cancer risk in a French cohort study. Setting: Dietary information was obtained from a 208-item diet history questionnaire self-administered in 1993-1995. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazards ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. Subjects: The study was conducted on 67 703 women with available dietary information. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 2868 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Results: Median intake was 280 ml/d (2?2 cups/d) for coffee and 214 ml/d (1?7 cups/d) for tea. Median caffeine intake was 164 mg/d. No association was found between consumption of coffee, tea or caffeine and breast cancer risk. Sub-analyses by tumour receptor status, menopausal status, type of coffee (regular or decaffeinated) and meals at which beverages were drunk led to the same conclusion. Conclusions: Results from this prospective study showed no relationship between coffee, tea or caffeine intake and breast cancer risk overall or by hormone receptor status.

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“…Studies categorised intake by quartiles (McCann et al, 2007;Sieri et al, 2007;Lajous et al, 2008) or quintiles (Augustin et al, 2001;Cho et al, 2003;Jonas et al, 2003;Frazier et al, 2004;Higginbotham et al, 2004;Holmes et al, 2004;Lajous et al, 2005;Silvera et al, 2005). Two studies could not be included in meta-analyses, as GI/GL intakes were only examined as continuous variables (Nielsen et al, 2005;Giles et al, 2006), and another study was excluded, as it did not present results separately by menopausal status (Levi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2008

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This systematic review aimed to examine if an association exists between dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) intake and breast cancer risk. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase and identified 14 relevant studies up to May 2008. Adjusted relative risk estimates comparing breast cancer risk for the highest versus the lowest category of GI/GL intake were extracted from relevant studies and combined in meta-analyses using a random-effects model. Combined estimates from six cohort studies show non-significant increased breast cancer risks for premenopausal women (relative risk (RR) 1.14, 95% CI 0.95 -1.38) and postmenopausal women (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99 -1.25) consuming the highest versus the lowest category of GI intake. Evidence of heterogeneity hindered analyses of GL and premenopausal risk, although most studies did not observe any significant association. Pooled cohort study results indicated no association between postmenopausal risk and GL intake (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94 -1.12). Our findings do not provide strong support of an association between dietary GI and GL and breast cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer (2008) Glycaemic index (GI) values classify foods according to the 2-h blood glucose response after consuming a portion of the food containing 50 g of available carbohydrate, compared with the equivalent amount from a standard food, such as glucose or white bread (Jenkins et al, 1981). The glycaemic load (GL) concept was later developed to better reflect the blood glucose response and insulin demand of a food by taking into account the total amount of carbohydrate usually consumed in addition to its GI value (Salmeron et al, 1997).Habitual consumption of a high GI or GL diet may promote carcinogenesis by inducing hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia (Brand-Miller, 2003), potentially acting through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis (Biddinger and Ludwig, 2005). A recent meta-analysis illustrated that IGF-1 levels were associated with premenopausal but not postmenopausal breast cancer risk (Renehan et al, 2006). Additionally, high GI diets may promote weight gain . High body fatness contributes to an increased risk of postmenopausal, yet a reduced risk of premenopausal, breast cancer (Renehan et al, 2008). There has been a recent surge in research of the effect of GI and GL intake on breast cancer risk; however, results to date have been conflicting (Augustin et al, 2001;Key and Spencer, 2007;McCann et al, 2007). This may not be surprising, given the disparities between the biologically plausible mechanisms suggested above.In this systematic review, we had the aim of clarifying any association between dietary GI, GL and breast cancer risk, and of determining if risk varies according to menopausal status or body fatness. MATERIALS AND METHODSOvid Medline, including Medline In-Process (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), and Embase (Reed Elsevier PLC, Amsterdam, Netherlands) databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published up t...

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Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a prospective study of French women

Abstract: Rapidly absorbed carbohydrates are associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk among overweight women and women with large waist circumference. Carbohydrate intake may also be associated with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.

Cited by 87 publications

References 39 publications

Dietary Carbohydrate, Fiber and Sugar and Risk of Breast Cancer According to Menopausal Status in Malaysia

Dietary Carbohydrate, Fiber and Sugar and Risk of Breast Cancer According to Menopausal Status in Malaysia

No association between coffee, tea or caffeine consumption and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort study

Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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