Carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio in extruded diets for Nile tilapia farmed in net cages

Coutinho, Juliano José de Oliveira; Neira, Lígia Maria; Sandre, Lidiane Cristina Gonçalves de; Costa, José Luiz Riani; Martins, Maria Isabel Mello; Portella, Maria Célia; Carneiro, Dalton José

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.014

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This suggests that different protein levels in the diet might affect the optimal ratio of glucose to lipids for groupers. Related research on tilapia also confirmed this view (Coutinho et al., 2018; Xie et al., 2017). At present, there are still limited studies on CHO:L ratio in groupers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Effects of different dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth, plasma biochemical indexes, digestive and immune enzymes activities of juvenile orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid (CHO:L) ratios on growth, liver and muscle glycogen content, haematological indices, and liver and intestinal enzyme activity of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Five isonitrogenous (496.0 g/kg protein) and isoenergetic (21.6 KJ/g gross energy) diets with varying CHO:L ratios of 0.65 (D1), 1.31 (D2), 2.33 (D3), 4.24 (D4) and 8.51 (D5), respectively, were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (average 10.02 ± 0.1 g) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of juvenile grouper increased first and then decreased with the increase in CHO:L ratio, reaching a maximum value in the D4 (CHO:L = 4.24) diet. The trend for the feed conversion ratio was opposite to the PER. Along with the diet CHO:L ratios, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of crude lipid and energy for the juvenile groupers decreased gradually, while the ADC of dry matter, liver and muscle glycogen level increased gradually. Total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol in serum were all maximized in the D4 diet and glucose in the D5 (CHO:L = 8.51) diet. Digestive enzyme activity in the intestine was significantly affected by dietary CHO:L ratio. Liver hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly as CHO:L ratio increased. Liver lysozyme and acid phosphatase activity in the groupers fed the D3 (CHO:L = 2.33) diet was significantly higher than that of other diets. Liver fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity reached a maximum value in the D4 diet and was significantly higher than that in the D1 diet. Taking the above results together, it can be concluded that an optimal dietary CHO:L ratio of 2.33 is suitable for grouper culture concerning growth performance and health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Effects of different dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth, plasma biochemical indexes, digestive and immune enzymes activities of juvenile orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Very few studies have been conducted with specific focus on dietary CHO:LIP ratio on tilapia. The few ones who did so observed better yield between the range of 2.0-6.5 g.g -1 (Ali and Al-Asgah, 2001;Coutinho et al, 2018;He et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2017). However, in general studies on the performance of tilapia in response to different levels of dietary carbohydrate and lipid give contradictory results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies indicate that CHO:LIP ratio ranging between 2.0-6.5 g.g -1 provides best yield for tilapia (Ali and Al-Asgah, 2001;Coutinho et al, 2018;He et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2017). Keeping the DP:DE ratio constant and replacing lipid completely with starch leading to CHO:LIP ratio of 20 g.g -1 resulted in poor growth (Xie et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding fish or pond . . .?

Kabir¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Globally pond aquaculture is the predominant fish/shrimp farming system. Roughly 70% of the farmed fish and shrimps are produced in semi-intensive ponds where feed is a major nutrient supplier but where also natural food contributes to the productivity. Current knowledge on fish nutrition is based on studies where natural food is absent or available at a minimum level. When a complete feed, formulated on the basis of the above nutritional studies, is applied as supplementary feed in a pond where also natural food is available, much of the nutrients are not retained in the fish and the efficiency goes down. The aim of this research was to generate knowledge on how dietary macro-nutrients (with a focus on dietary carbohydrates) determine fish growth directly and indirectly (via natural food) in ponds. In a pond, the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio in the system determines the productivity of natural food. The hypothesis underlying the current PhD research was that lowering the scarce and expensive macronutrients (e.g. protein and fat) in the feed would be compensated by an increased contribution of natural food as a result of a higher C:N input into the system, and thus not leading to lower fish yields. We conducted four experiments to test this hypothesis and have observed that lowering the dietary protein to energy ratio in the feed increased fish production at the pond level, mainly because of an indirect effect of the diet by enhancing the natural food in the pond. The type of non-protein dietary energy (lipid or carbohydrate) did not affect fish performance, not directly as feed nor indirectly via influencing the natural food web of the pond. However, the type of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) influenced natural food production and ultimately fish growth. Fish performance was better with slowly degradable NSPs in the feed. In all our studies we have noticed that feeding level increased fish production but also increased FCR. We have also observed that fish production increased with increasing stocking density (within the tested levels). Culture intensity (feeding level and stocking density) did not interact with the influence of the dietary macro-nutrient composition (i.e. P:E ratio) on pond productivity which means that enhancement of the natural food web through diets is possible even with increasing culture intensity. So, in ponds with a functional natural food web, the optimal macronutrient composition of supplementary feeds for tilapia differs from the optimal composition as recommended by NRC (1993, 2011) for tilapia. This may be related to the fact that the NRC recommendations were developed without the presence of natural food, and that the effect of the latter may be related to a possible enhancement of its production due to the extra nutrient input in the ecosystem via the waste of the fish (fertilizing effect). However, when monitoring the food web in the ponds, we have barely noticed differences among the treatments. This calls for improved methods to quantify the contribution of natural f...

show abstract

“…Herein, we recommend gurami sago strain aquaculture in concrete ponds, floating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds for 324 days. According to De Oliveira Continho et al, 52 fish reared in cages can increase the variation in weight production. In contrast, the freshwater cages have been marred by increasing the frequencies of fish mortality, causing negative implications to finances and the environment 23,24,53 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, production and feed conversion performance of the gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) strain in different aquaculture systems

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy, Osphronemidae), belonging to the gurami sago strain, is an important economic fish species that was newly released for domestication in 2018 in Indonesia. The present study aimed to determine the growth, production and feed conversion efficiency of gurami sago strain in different aquaculture systems. Methods: A mean of 240 juveniles were stocked (mean, 54.53 g and 13.88 cm) into concrete ponds, ﬂoating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds (12 m3) with three replicates of each. The juveniles were fed a floating commercial pellet diet containing 30% crude protein and 5% crude lipids. Feed was supplied at 3% of fish biomass per day throughout the 90 days of the experiment. The research was conducted in the area surrounding Lake Maninjau of West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Results: After 90 days, the mean weight of ﬁsh reared in concrete ponds was 166.86 g, floating net cages was 179.51 g and earthen freshwater ponds was 149.89 g. The mean final biomass was 37.64 kg for concrete ponds, 41.27 kg for floating net cages, and 33.72 kg for earthen freshwater ponds. The specific growth rates (%/day) for concrete ponds, floating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds were 0.67, 0.75 and 0.62, respectively. The feed conversion rates were 1.45 for concrete ponds, 1.30 for floating net cages and 1.87 for earthen freshwater ponds. The net yields (kg mˉ3) were 2.05 for concrete ponds, 2.27 for floating net cages, and 1.73 for earthen freshwater ponds. The exponents (b) of the length–weight relationship were calculated for concrete ponds (1.0146), floating net cages (1.2641), and earthen freshwater ponds (1.0056). Conclusion: The study showed that the growth performance, production and feed conversion efficiency of the gurami sago strain could be considered a new candidate strain for floating net cage aquaculture in the future.

show abstract

Carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio in extruded diets for Nile tilapia farmed in net cages

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of different dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth, plasma biochemical indexes, digestive and immune enzymes activities of juvenile orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides

Effects of different dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth, plasma biochemical indexes, digestive and immune enzymes activities of juvenile orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides

Feeding fish or pond . . .?

Growth, production and feed conversion performance of the gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) strain in different aquaculture systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About